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The Lorentz transformations: Derivation of linearity and scale factor

Преобразования лорентца: Вывод линейности и масщтабного фактора.

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Il Nuovo Cimento A (1965-1970)

Summary

A transformation connecting two inertial framesS andS' must transform uniform motion of material bodies into uniform motion. However, sincec is an upper bound on velocities, physics merely states that straight lines in the light-cone (and not necessarilyall straight lines as for projective transformations) go over into straight lines. Nevertheless, we show in a quite elementary way that this weaker property also implies linearity. Constancy of light velocity then gives in a standard way the Lorentz transformations up to a «scale factor» λ which can, in principle, depend on the particular Lorentz transformationA and translation a. By a very simple group-theoretical argument it is shown that λ⦻ 1.

Riassunto

Una trasformazione che connette due sistemi inerzialiS eS' deve trasformare un moto uniforme di corpi materiali in moto uniforme. Tuttavia, siccomec è un limite superiore delle velocità, la fisica stabilisce solo che linee rette nel cono di luce (e non necessariamentetutte le linee rette come nelle trasformazioni proiettive) diventano linee rette. Ciò nonostante si dimostra in modo abbastanza elementare che questa proprietà più debole dà in modo normale le trasformazioni di Lorentz sino ad un «fattore di scala» λ che può, in linea di principio, dipendere dalla particolare trasformazione di LorentzA e da una traslazionea. Con un semplicissimo argomento di teoria dei gruppi si dimostra che λ⦻1.

Резюме

Преобразования, связывающие две инерциалБные системыS иS' должны преобразовывытъ равномерное движение материалъных тел в равномерное движение. Однако, так какc естъ верхняя граница для скоростей, то физика просто утверждает, что прямые линии в световом конусе (и не обязателъно все промые линии, как для проективных преобразований) переходят в qpрямые линии. Тем не менее, мы показываем элементарным путем, что это более слабое свойство также подразумевает линейнсстБ. Постоянство скорости света тогда приводит стандартным образом к преобраниямям Лорентца вплотъ до «масштабного множителя» λ, κqoторый может, в принципе, эависетъ от специалъното преобраэования ЛорентцаA и трансляцииa С qpомощыо оченъ простото теоретикогрупповото рассуждения нокаэывается, что λ⦻1. теоретикогруппового рассуждения показывчется, что λ∬1.

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References

  1. A. Einstein:Ann. der Phys.,17, 891 (1905). See also most textbooks.

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  2. In a very interesting paper,E. C. Zeeman:Journ. ath. Phys.,5, 490 (1964), shows that a certain kind of causality requirement implies linearity and, up to a scale factor λ, the Lorentz transformations. His causality requirement is expressed as an ordering relation and isstronger than Assumption ii). On the other hand, one need not assume that the frames are inertial.

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  3. E.g., J. AHARONI:The Special Theory of Relativity, II Ed. (Oxford, 1965), p. 7.

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  6. Cf.,e.g., G. PICKERT:Analytische Geometrie, 3. Auflage (Leipzig, 1958), p. 400.

  7. Cf.,e.g., M. A. NEUMARK:Lineare Darstellungen der Lorentzgruppe (Berlin, 1963), p. 90.

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Hegerfeldt, G.C. The Lorentz transformations: Derivation of linearity and scale factor. Nuov Cim A 10, 257–267 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02895762

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