Zusammenfassung
Bei Ratten wurde eine primäre Demyelinisation durch eine experimentelle allergische Encephalomyelitis hervorgerufen, eine sekundäre (vom Wallerschen Typ) durch Entfernung eines Teiles der Großhirnrinde. Die Kriterien beider Entmarkungsformen wurden miteinander verglichen. Eine mäßige sekundäre Demyelinisation wurde auch bei Ratten mit allergischer Encephalomyelitis gefunden, sogar bei nur geringer Ausprägung der Erkrankung.
Ein direkter cellulärer Angriff an den Myelinscheiden scheint für die Entstehung einer Demyelinisation nicht notwendig zu sein; auch wird das Myelin nur selten von Entzündungszellen durchsetzt. Bei Kontrolltieren kam eine artefizielle Demyelinisation vor, die auf eine präparative Schädigung der Myelinscheiden an den Knoten und an den Schmidt-Lantermann-schen Kerben zurückgeführt wird. Degenerierendes Myelin bildet in jedem Falle, gleichgültig, ob es primären oder sekundären Ursachen seine Entstehung, „Sphäroide“ und wird bei primärer Demyelinisation für gewöhnlich in dieser Form phagocytiert.
Summary
Primary demyelination in rats was investigated by means of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In addition, a portion of cerebral cortex was removed from normal rats in order to produce a Wallerian-type (secondary) degeneration. The criteria for this secondary type of demyelination, established from a study of the latter group of animals, were then compared with those for the demyelination which occurred in the rats with EAE. A moderate amount of secondary demyelination was found in rats with EAE, even in animals with a mild attack of the disease, whereas primary demyelination was rare, only isolated fibres being affected.
A direct cellular attack on the myelin sheath did not seem to be necessary for producing demyelination and myelin was rarely seen to be invaded by inflammatory cells in EAE. An artefactual “demyelination” was observed in normal controls and it is suggested that this was the result of preparation damage to the myelin sheath at the node and the Schmidt-Lanterman cleft. Degenerating myelin, whether resulting from primary or secondary causes, was generally found initially to form spheroids and in the case of primary demyelination, was usually phagocytosed in this form.
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Howell, J.I., Kidd, M. An electron microscopical comparison of primary and secondary demyelination in the rat central nervous system. Virchows Arch. Abt. B Zellpath. 2, 187–202 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02889583
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02889583