Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Recent concepts on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

  • Editorials
  • Published:
Ricerca in clinica e in laboratorio

Summary

The evidence implicating an immune pathogenesis of the lesions of rheumatoid arthritis is presented under four headings: clinical, histopathological, serological and experimental. This leads to the conclusion that the disease occurs in two phases, an initial phase associated with the presence of an exogenous initiating agent and a chronic, apparently self-perpetuating phase maintained by the presence of an autoantigen. The microbial nature of the initiating agent is considered and it is concluded that present evidence does not exclude the possibility that no single agent is responsible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Asherson G. L., Dumonde D. C.: Characterisation of Autoantibodies Produced in the Rabbit by the Injection of Rat Liver — Brit. J. exp. Path.43, 12, 1962.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Astorga G. P., Williams R. C., Jr.: Altered Reactivity in Mixed Culture of Lymphocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis — Arthr. and Rheum.12, 547, 1969.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ball J., Lawrence J. S.: Epidemiology of the Sheep Cell Agglutination Test — Ann. rheum. Dis.20, 235, 1961.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Banerjee S. K., Glynn L. E.: Reactions to Homologous and Heterologous Fibrin Implants in Experimental Animals — Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.86, 1064, 1960.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bonomo L., Trizio A., Dammacco F.: Immune Complexes in Rheumatoid Synovitis: a Mixed Staining Immuno-Fluorescent Study — Immunology18, 557, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Consden R., Doble A., Glynn L. E., Nind A. P.: Production of Chronic Arthritis with Albumin. Its Retention in the Rabbit Knee Joint — Ann. rheum. Dis.10, 309, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cracchiolo A., Michaeli D., Goldberg L. S., Fudenberg H. H.: The Occurrence of Antibodies to Collagen in Synovial Fluids — Clin. Immunol. Immunopath.3, 567, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Dissanayake S., Hay F. C., Roitt I. M.: The Binding Constants of IgM Rheumatoid Factors and Their Univalent Fragments for Native and Aggregated Human IgG — Immunology32, 309, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Dumonde D. C., Glynn L. E.: The Production of Arthritis in Rabbits by an Immunological Reaction to Fibrin — Brit. J. exp. Path.43, 373, 1962.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Dumonde D. C., Glynn L. E.: The Reaction of Guinea Pigs to Autologous and Heterologous Fibrin Implants — J. Path. Bact.90, 649, 1965.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Duthie J. J. R.: Rheumatoid Arthritis — In:Copeman W. S. C. (Ed.): Textbook of the Rheumatic Diseases. 4th Ed., E. S. Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1969; p. 259.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Duthie J. J. R., Stewart S. M., McBride W. H.: Do Diphtheroids Cause Rheumatoid Arthritis? — In:Dumonde D. C. (Ed.): Infection and Immunology in the Rheumatic Diseases. Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, 1976; p. 171.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Fagraeus A.: Antibody Production in Relation to the Development of Plasma Cells — Acta med. scand. (Suppl.), 204, 1948.

  14. Felty A. R.: Chronic Arthritis in the Adult, Associated with Splenomegaly and Leucopenia; a Report of Five Cases of an Unusual Clinical Syndrome — Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp.35, 16, 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fox A., Glynn L. E.: Persistence of Antigen in Non-Arthritic Joints — Ann. rheum. Dis.34, 431, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Franklin E. C., Holman H. R., Müller-Eberhard H. J., Kunkel H. G.: An Unusual Protein Component of High Molecular Weight in the Serum of Certain Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis — J. exp. Med.105, 425, 1957.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gaarder P. I., Natvig J. B.: The Reaction of Rheumatoid Anti-Gm Antibodies with Native and Aggregated Gm-Negative IgG — Scand. J. Immunol.3, 559, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gardner D. L.: The Experimental Production of Arthritis. A Review — Ann. rheum. Dis.19, 297, 1960.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Glynn L. E.: Heberden Oration. The Chronicity of Inflammation and Its Significance in Rheumatoid Arthritis — Ann. rheum. Dis.27, 105, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Glynn L. E.: Rheumatoid Arthritis — In:Gell P. G. H., Coombs R. R. A. (Eds): Clinical Aspects of Immunology. 2nd Ed., Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, 1968; p. 848.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Glynn L. E.: Pathology, Pathogenesis and Aetiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis — Ann. rheum. Dis.31, 412, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Glynn L. E., Holborow E. J.: Immunological Aspects of Rheumatoid Disease. A Review — Ann. rheum. Dis.19, 197, 1960.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Glynn L. E., Holborow E. J.: Autoimmunity and Disease — Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, 1965; p. 151.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Glynn L. E., Loewi G.: Fibrinoid Necrosis in Rheumatic Fever — J. Path. Bact.64, 329, 1952.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gocke D. J.: Extra Hepatic Manifestations of Viral Hepatitis — Amer. J. med. Sci.270, 49, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Harker J., Mackay I. R., Miller J. J.: The Incidence of ‘Antinuclear Factor’ in Human Disease — Aust. Ann. Med.14, 96, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hedberg H.: Studies on the Depressed Hemolytic Complement Activities of Synovial Fluid in Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis — Acta rheum. scand.9, 165, 1963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Henson P. M.: Immune Complex Diseases: Cellular Mediators and the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Tissue Injury Produced by Immune Complexes — In:Glynn L. E., Schlumberger H. D. (Eds): Experimental Models of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1977; p. 95.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Johnson P. M., Watkins J., Holborow E. J.: Anti-Globulin Production to Altered IgG in Rheumatoid Arthritis — Lanceti, 611, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Johnson P. M., Watkins J., Scopes P. M., Tracey B. M.: Differences in Serum IgG Structure in Health and Rheumatoid Disease. Circular Dichroism Studies — Ann. rheum. Dis.33, 366, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Loewi G., Lance E. M., Reynolds J.: Study of Lymphoid Cells from Inflamed Synovial Membranes — Ann. rheum. Dis.34, 524, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Maini R. N., Holborow E. J. (Eds): Symposium on Detection and Measurement of Circulating Soluble Antigen-Antibody Complexes and Anti-DNA Antibodies — Ann. rheum. Dis.36 (Suppl. 1), 1977.

  33. Marmion B. P., Mackay J. M. K.: Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Virus Hypothesis — In:Glynn L. E., Schlumberger H. D. (Eds): Experimental Models of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1977; p. 188.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Mellors R. C., Heimer R., Corcos J., Korngold J.: Cellular Origin of Rheumatoid Factor — J. exp. Med.110, 785, 1959.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Mestecky J., Miller E. J.: Presence of Antibodies Specific to Cartilage-Type Collagen in Rheumatoid Synovial Tissue — Clin. exp. Immunol.22, 453, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Michaeli D., Fudenberg H. H.: The Incidence and Antigenic Specificity of Antibodies against Denatured Human Collagen in Rheumatoid Arthritis — Clin. Immunol. Immunopath.3, 187, 1974.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Rich A. R., Gregory J. E.: The Experimental Demonstration thatPeriarteritis nodosa Is a Manifestation of Hypersensitivity — Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp.72, 65, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Rose H. N., Ragan C., Pearce E., Lipman M. O.: Differential Agglutination of Normal and Sensitised Sheep Erythrocytes by Sera of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis — Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.)68, 1, 1948.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Smiley J. D., Sachs C., Ziff M.:In Vitro Synthesis of Immunoglobulin by Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane — J. clin. Invest.47, 624, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Sokoloff L., McCluskey R. T., Bunim J. J.: Vascularity of the Early Subcutaneous Nodules of Rheumatoid Arthritis — Arch. Path.55, 475, 1953.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Stanworth D. R.: Mechanism of Reactivity of Rheumatoid Factor with Structurally Altered and Unaltered Immunoglobulins — Ann. rheum. Dis.25, 475, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Stastney P., Rosenthal M., Ziff M.: Lymphokines in the Rheumatoid Joint — Arthr. and Rheum.16, 572, 1972. (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Steffen C.: Consideration of Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis as Collagen Autoimmunity — Z. Immun.-Forsch.139, 219, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Steffen C., Ludwig H., Knapp W.: Collagen Anti-Collagen Immune Complexes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid Cells — Z. Immun.-Forsch.147, 229, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Torrigiani F., Roitt I. M.: Antiglobulin Factors in Sera from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Normal Subjects. Quantitative Estimation in Different Immunoglobulin Classes — Ann. rheum. Dis.26, 334, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Waaler E.: On the Occurrence of a Factor in Human Serum Activating the Specific Agglutination of Sheep Blood Corpuscles — Acta path. microbiol. scand.17, 172, 1940.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ward D. J., Johnson G. D., Holborow E. J.: Antinuclear Factor in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Its Incidence and Clinical Significance — Ann. rheum. Dis.23, 306, 1964.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Warner C., Schumaker V.: Detection of a Conformational Change in an Anti-Hapten-Antibody System upon Interaction with Divalent Hapten — Biochemistry9, 451, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. White R. G.: Immunological Functions of Lymphoreticular Tissue — In:Gell P. G. H., Coombs R. R. A., Lachmann P. J. (Eds): Clinical Aspects of Immunology. 3rd Ed., Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, 1975; p. 414.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Williams M. H.: Recovery of Mycoplasma from Rheumatoid Synovial Fluid — In:Duthie J. J. R., Alexander W. R. M. (Eds): Rheumatic Diseases. University Press, Edinburgh, 1968; p. 171.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Winchester R. J., Agnello V., Kunkel H. G.: Gamma Globulin Complexes in Synovial Fluids of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Partial Characterisation and Relationship to Lowered Complement Levels — Clin. exp. Immunol.6, 689, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Ziff M.: Lymphokines in RA Synovial Fluid — Arthr. and Rheum.17, 537, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Zvaifler N. J., Schur P. H.: Reactions of Aggregated Mercaptoethanol Treated Gamma Globulin with Rheumatoid Factor. Precipitin and Complement Fixation Studies — Arthr. and Rheum.11, 523, 1968.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Glynn, L.E. Recent concepts on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. La Ricerca Clin. Lab. 7, 299–311 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02886644

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02886644

Key-words

Navigation