Cited References
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11Gib: G.E. Gibson, dissertation, Univ. Breslau (1911) in German; reported in [23LBT]. (Thermo; Experimental)
12Pre: G. Preuner and J. Brockmoller, “Measurements of Gas Pressure with a Spiral Manometer of Vitreous Silica,”Z. Phys. Chem., 81, 129–170 (1912) in German. (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 14Gou: M.R. Goubau, “On the Melting Point of Arsenic,”C.R. Acad. Sci., 158, Pt. 1, 121–122 (1914) in French. (Equi Diagram)
19Ruf: O. Ruff and B. Bergdahl, “Researches at High Temperatures. XII. The Measurement of Vapor Pressure at Very High Pressures and the Solubility of Carbon in Metals,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 106, 76–94 (1919) in German. (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 20Ras: H. Rassow, “A Simple Method for Determination of Melting Points and Critical Temperatures,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 114, 117–150 (1920) in German. (Equi Diagram)
21Hei: W. Heike “A Simple Method for the Determination of Melting Points and Critical Temperatures,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 118, 254 (1921) in German. (Equi Diagram)
21Ruf: O. Russ and S. Mugdan, “High Temperature Studies. XIII. The Measurement of Vapor Pressures at High Temperatures and the Vapor Pressure of Alkali Halides,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 117, 147–171, (1921) in German. (Thermo; Experimental)
22Las: P.N. Lashchtschenko, “Polymorphism of Arsenic,”J. Chem. Soc. (London), 121, 972–978 (1922). (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 23Hor: S. Horiba, “Determination of Vapor Pressures of Metallic Arsenic,”Z. Phys. Chem., 106, 295–302 (1923) in German; Also inProc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam, 25, 387–394 (1923) in German. (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Experimental)
23LBT: Landoh Bornstein Tabeuen, Vol. 2, Springer, Berlin, 1332 (1923) in German. (Thermo; Compilation)
30And: C.T. Anderson, “The Heat Capacities of Arsenic, Arsenic Trioxide, and Arsenic Pentoxide at Low Temperatures,”J. Am. Chem. Soc., 52, 2296–3000 (1930). (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 37Kin: G.D. Kinzer and G.M. Almy, “The Emission Spectrum of Diatomic Arsenic. II,”Phys. Rev., 52, 814–821 (1937). (Thermo; Experimental)
38Wie: F. Wiechmann, M. Heimburg, and W. Biltz “The Affinity of Rhenium for Arsenic,”Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 240, 129–138 368 (1938) in German. (Thermo; Experimental)
55Bre: L. Brewer and J.S. Kane, “The Importance of Complex Gaseous Molecules in High Temperature Systems,”J. Phys. Chem., 59, 105–109 (1955). (Thermo; Experimental)
58Dro: J. Drowart and P. Goldfinger, “Thermodynamic Study of Group III–V and Group II–VI Compounds by Mass Spectrometry,”J. Chem. Phys., 55, 721–732 (1958). (Thermo; Experimental)
59Gol: P. Goldfinger and M. Jeunehomme, “Mass Spectrometric Studies of the Thermodynamic Properties of Group III–IV and II–VI Compounds,”Advances in Mass Spectroscopy, J.D. Waldron, Ed., Pergamon Press, London, 534–546 (1959). (Thermo; Experimental)
59Gut: H.B. Gutbier, “Mass Spectrometric Investigation of Processes During the Evaporation of Indium Arsenide,”Z. Naturforsch. A, 142, 32–36 (1959). (Thermo; Experimental)
60Kel: K.K. Kelley, “Contribution to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy,” U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. No. 584, 18 (1960). (Thermo; Compilation)
Indicates key paper 60Kle: W. Klemm, H. Spitzer, and H. Niermann, “Investigations on Some Metalloids,”Angew. Chem., 72, 985–994 (1960) in German. (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Experimental)
61Gut: H.B. Gutbier, “Mass-Spectrometric Investigation of the Evaporation Coefficient of Compounds with Zinc Blende Structure in the Temperature Region Around 1000 K,”Z. Naturforsch. A, 16, 268–279 (1961) in German. (Thermo; Experimental)
61Str: B.A. Strathdee and L.M. Pidgeon, “Thermal Decomposition and Vapor-Pressure Measurements on Arsenopyrite and an Arsenic Ore,”Trans. Can. Inst. Min. Metall., 64, 506–510 (1961). (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 63Kle: W. Klement, Jr., A. Jayaraman, and G.C. Kennedy, “Phase Diagrams of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth at Pressures up to 70 Kilobars,”Phys. Rev., 131, 632–637 (1963). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
63Mcg: P.J. McGonigal and A.V. Grosse, “The Density of Liquid Arsenic and the Density of Its Saturated Vapor,”J. Phys. Chem., 67, 924–925 (1963). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
63Nes: A.N. Nesmeyanov,Vapour Pressure of the Elements, J.I. Carasso, Ed., Academic Press, New York, 301–302 (1963). (Thermo; Compilation)
Indicates key paper 64Hil: J. Hilsenrath, C.G. Messina, and W.H. Evans, “Ideal Gas Thermodynamic Functions for 73 Atoms and Their First and Second Ions to 10,000 K,” Air Force Weapons Lab. Rep. No. TDR-64-64, Kirtland Air Force Base, NM, 441 p (1964). (Thermo; Compilation)
64Wes: J.B. Westmore, K.H. Mann, and A.W. Tickner, “Mass Spectrometric Study of the Nonstoichiometric Vaporization of Cadmium Arsenide,”J. Phys. Chem., 68, 606–612 (1964). (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 65Cha: P.E. Chaney and S.E. Babb, Jr., “Melting Curves of Tellurium and Arsenic,”J. Chem. Phys., 43, 1071 (1965). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
65Tay: J.B. Taylor, S.L. Bennett, and R.D. Heyding, “Physical Properties of α- and γ-Arsenic,”J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 26, 69–74 (1965). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
66Ben: S.L. Bennett and R.D. Heyding, “The Transformation of γ-to α-Arsenic and the Susceptibility of Polycrystal-line Arsenic,”J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 27, 471–472 (1966). (Meta Phases; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 66Nog: V.V. Nogteva, I.E. Paukov, and P.G. Strelkov, “Heat Capacity of Metallic Arsenic at Low Temperatures,”Sov. Phys. Solid State, 7(8), 1884–1886 (1966). (Thermo; Experimental)
67Art: J.R. Arthur, “Vapor Pressures and Phase Equilibrium in the Gallium-Arsenic System,”J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 28, 2257–2267 (1967). (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 67Cul: H.V. Culbert, “Low-Temperature Specific Heat of Arsenic and Antimony,”Phys. Rev., 157, 560–563 (1967). (Thermo; Experimental)
68Her: C.C. Herrick and R.C. Feber, “Vaporization Studies on Arsenic,”J. Phys. Chem., 72, 1102–1110 (1968). (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 68Per: P. Perdigon, J. D’Incan, and J. Jeanin, “New High-Resolution Analysis of Several Bands of thed»X System of the As2 Molecule,”C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, A, B, 267(3), 202–204 (1968) in French. (Thermo; Experimental)
68Ros: G.M. Rosenblatt and P.K. Lee, “Rate of Vaporization of Arsenic Single Crystals and the Vaporization Coefficient of Arsenic,”J. Chem. Phys., 49, 2995–3006 (1968). (Thermo; Experimental)
69Ber: I.V. Berman and N.B. Brandt, “Superconductivity of Arsenic at High Pressures,”Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. Pis’ma, 10(2), 89–91 (1969) in Russian. (Equi Diagram)
69Hud: J.E. Hudson, “Electron Impact Studies of Arsenic and Antimony Vapors,” dissertation Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 105 (1969). (Thermo; Experimental)
69Ozi: G.A. Ozin, “Gas-Phase Raman Spectroscopy of Phosphorus, Arsenic, and Saturated Sulfur Vapours,”J. Chem. Soc. D, (22), 1325–1327 (1969). (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 69Pau: I.E. Paukov, V.V. Nogteva, and P.G. Strelkov, “The True Heat Capacity of Crystalline Black Phosphorous and Metallic Arsenic in the Temperature Range 13-300 K,”Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 43(6), 773–774 (1969). (Thermo; Experimental)
69Per: P. Perdigon, J. D’Incan, and J. Sfeila, “Analysis of the Rotational Structure of Several Bands ofd»X andB»X Systems of the As2 Molecule,”C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, A, B, 268B(22), 1432–1435 (1969) in French. (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 69Sch: D. Schiferl and C.S. Barrett, “The Crystal Structure of Arsenic at 4.2, 78, and 229K,”J. Appl. Crystallogr., 2, 30–36 (1969). (Equi Diagram)
70Cap: R.J. Capwell and G.M. Rosenblatt, “Infrared Spectrum of Condensed As4 and Thermodynamic Functions of As4 Gas,”J. Molec. Spectrosc., 33, 525–530 (1970). (Thermo; Experimental)
70Dem: G.L. DeMaria, L. Malaspina, and V. Piacente, “Mass Spectroscopic Study of Gallium Arsenide System,”J. Chem. Phys., 52, 1019–1024 (1970). (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 70Per: P. Perdigon, J. D’Incan, and J. Janin, “Electronic Spectrum of As2 Molecule,”Can. J. Phys., 48(10), 1140–1150 (1970) in French. (Thermo; Experimental)
70Ros: G.M. Rosenblatt, “Vaporization Mechanism at Elevated Temperatures,”Heterogeneous Kinetics at Elevated Temperatures, G.R. Belton, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, 209–229 (1970). (Thermo; Review)
71Mal: L. Malaspina, R. Gigli and G. Bardi, “Determination of Thermodynamic Parameters by a Calvet-Microcalorimeter for High Temperatures,”Calore, 42, 317–326 (1971) in Italian. (Thermo; Experimental)
71Mam: A.N. Mamedov, S.M. Gadzhiev, and A.A. Kuliev, “Arsenic Vapor Pressure and Vapor Phase Composition,”Uch. Azerb. Univ., Khim. (2), 69–73 (1971) in Russian. (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 72Bru: S.B. Brumbach and G.M. Rosenblatt, “In-Cavity Laser Raman Spectroscopy of Vapors at Elevated Temperatures. As4 and As4O6,”J. Chem. Phys., 56, 3110–3117 (1972). (Thermo; Experimental)
72Dug: M.J. Duggin, “High-Pressure Phase in Arsenic and Its Relation to Pressure-Induced Phase Changes in Group VB Elements,”J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 33, 1267–1271 (1972). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
72Gra: D.E. Gray, Ed.,American Institute of Physics Handbook, 3rd ed., 2–19 (1972). (Compilation)
72Kaz: R.I. Kazhlaeva and M.G. Shakhtakhtinskii, “Knudsen-Method Study of The Saturated Vapor-Pressure of Substances with a Slow Establishment of Vapor-Solid Equilibrium,”Izv. Akad. Nauk Azerb. SSR, Fiz, Tekh. Mat., (2), 52–55 (1972) in Russian. (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 73Ben: S.L. Bennett, J.L. Margrave, J.L. Franklin, and J.E. Hudson, “High Temperature Negative Ions. Electron Impact of Arsenic Vapor,”J. Chem. Phys., 59, 5814–5819 (1973). (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 73Kor: J. Kordis and K.A. Gingerich, “Atomization Energy and Standard Heat of Formation of Gaseous Diatomic Arsenic,”J. Chem. Eng. Data, 18, 135–136 (1973). (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 73Mur: J.J. Murray, C. Pupp, and R.F. Pottie, “Heat of Dissociation of Tetraarsenic (g) and the Heat of Formation of Diarsenic Gas,”J. Chem. Phys., 58, 2569–2578 (1973). (Thermo; Experimental)
73Vig: E.N. Vigdorovich, V.V. Popov, M.M. Artamonov, and V.M. Andreev, “Phase Equilibria in the Ga-As System,”Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater., 9, 771–774 (1973) in Russian. (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 74Bak: E.H. Baker, “Thermodynamic Studies of the Arsenic Triple Point,”Inst. Min. Metall. Trans., C, 83, Bull. No. 817, C237-C240 (1974). (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Experimental)
74Fox: C.T. Foxon, B.A. Joyce, R.F.C. Farrow, and R.M. Griffiths, “Identification of Species Evolved in the Evaporation of III–V Compounds,”J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., 7, 2422–2435 (1974). (Thermo; Experimental)
Indicates key paper 74Pup: C. Pupp, J.J. Murray, and R.F. Pottie, “Vapor Pressures of Arsenic Over Indium Arsenide (c) and Gallium Arsenide (c). Enthalpies of Formation of Indium Arsenide (c) and Gallium Arsenide (c),”J. Chem. Thermodyn., 6, 123–134 (1974). (Thermo; Experimental)
75Gok: N.A. Gokcen,Thermodynamics, Techscience Inc. (1975). (Equi Diagram; Thermo)
Indicates key paper 75Rau: H. Rau, “Vapour Composition and van der Waals Constants of Arsenic,”J. Chem. Thermodyn., 7, 27–32 (1975). (Equi Diagram, Thermo)
76Ros: G.M. Rosenblatt, “Vaporization Rates, Surface Topography, and Vaporization Mechanisms of Single Crystals: A Case Study,”Acc. Chem. Res., 9, 169–175 (1976). (Thermo; Experimental)
76Smi: P.M. Smith, H.A. Leadbetter, and A.J. Apling, “The Structure of Orthorhombic and Vitreous Arsenic,”Philos. Mag., 31, 57–64 (1976). (Equi Diagram; Crys Structure, Meta Phase)
77Kle: P.D. Kleinschmidt, “A Study of the Relative Vaporization Rates of As2 and As4,” dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 139p (1977). (Thermo; Experimental)
77Mal: A.J. Mallmann “A Thermodynamic Study of the Solid-Vapor Arsenic System at Equilibrium Using Optical Absorption Techniques,” dissertation, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 143 p (1977). (Thermo; Experimental)
78Dro: J. Drowart, S. Smoes, and A. Vanderauwera-Mahieu, “The Atomization Enthalpies of AsSb(g), As4(g), Sb4(g), As3Sb(g), As2Sb2(g), AsSb3(g), As3SbO6(g), As2Sb2O6(g), and AsSb3O6(g). A Thermodynamic Study by the Mass-Spectrometric Knudsen-cell Method,”J. Chem. Thermodyn., 10, 453–464 (1978). (Thermo; Experimental)
78Ita: K. Itagaki, T. Shimizu, and M. Hino, “Thermodynamic Studies of the Liquid Lead-Arsenic System,”Bull. Res. Inst. Miner. Dressing Metall., 34(1), 45–52 (1978) in Japanese. (Thermo; Experimental)
78Mur: V.G. Muradov, “The Partial Pressure of Atomic Arsenic in the Saturated Vapor,”Zh. Fiz. Khim., 52, 1555 (1978) in Russian. (Thermo; Experimental)
80Per: P. Perdigon and F. Martin, “Perturbation Study of the O +u Symmetry States of As2 Observed in the Energy Range 39000–45000 cm−1,”J. Molec. Spectrosc., 83, 40–63 (1980). (Thermo; Experimental)
82Pan: L.B. Pankratz, “Thermodynamic Properties of Elements and Their Oxides,” U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. No. 672, 509 (1982). (Thermo; Compilation)
Indicates key paper 82Rou: J.C. Rouland, R. Ceolin, C. Souleau, and P. Khodadad, “Differential Thermal Analysis of Arsenic Phase Diagram and Measurement of Its Enthalpy of Fusion at the Triple Point Conditions,”J. Therm. Anal., 23, 143–151 (1982) in French. (Equi Diagram, Thermo)
82Rus: A.D. Rusin, L.M. Agamira, E.G. Zhukov, and V.T. Kalinnikov, “Sublimation Pressure of Arsenic,”Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Khim., 23(2), 104–107 (1982) in Russian. (Thermo; Experimental)
84Pan: L.B. Pankratz, J.M. Stuve, and N.A. Gokcen, “Thermodynamic Data for Mineral Technology,” U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. No. 677, 355 p (1984). (Thermo; Compilation)
84Wea: R.C. Weast,Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 65th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, B8 (1984–85). (Compilation)
87Bre: L. Brewer, private communication on thermodynamics of gaseous arsenic species (1987). (Thermo)
87Hud: J.E. Hudson, private communication on electron impact of As4 and As3 (1987). (Thermo)
87Mar: J.L. Margrave, private communication on electron impact of As4 and As3 (1987). (Thermo)
87Ode: L.L. Oden and G.L. Hundley, unpublished differential scanning data (1987). (Equi Diagram; Thermo)
87Ros: G.M. Rosenblatt, private communication on atomic and molecular spectra (1987). (Thermo)
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The author is indebted to Professor L. Brewer, University of California, for valuable discussions and guidance on thermodynamic properties of gaseous arsenic species. Professor G.M. Rosenblatt of Lawrence-Berkeley Laboratory kindly clarified various spectroscopic data that were largely generated in his laboratories. Comments by Professor J.L. Margrave of Rice University on electron impact studies of As4 and on the enthalpies of formation of As2 and As3 were very useful in selecting the assessed enthalpy of formation of As3. This work was supported by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and ASM INTERNATIONAL. Dr. Gokcen is the ASM/NIST Data Program Category Editor for binary manganese, lead, and silicon alloys.
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Gokcen, N.A. The As (Arsenic) system. Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 10, 11–22 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02882166
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02882166