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Microscopical studies on the swelling of native, bleached and nitrated cellulose fibers

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Conclusions

  1. 1.

    The studies described here are characterized by the employment of a new method for swelling cellulosic walls, namely, previous nitration of the wall and attack, by a number of well known neutral solvents, of the nitrocellulose formed. Without any risk of hydrolysis one may then vary the swelling agents and obtain very instructive patterns; these patterns have been compared with those obtained by swelling native or bleached cellulose in Schweitzer’s reagent.

  2. 2.

    The cuticle and the middle lamella, both rich in pectic substances, are not the only layers of the wall of fibers which are resistant to swelling agents. Other strata, of a purely cellulosic nature, show a relatively slight solubility and can therefore be made evident.

  3. 3.

    These resistant cellulosic strata, showing an annular or spiralled structure, may exist in these materials in the form of collars or helicoidal filaments until the swelling and diffluence of the other elements of the wall are more or less compelete.

  4. 4.

    The resistant cellulosic strata form the primary wall of the fibers and in grass fibers make up, in addition, an internal sheath immediately surrounding the lumen. Moreover, in cotton fibers these resistant cellulosic strata are sometimes observed in the thickness of the secondary wall.

  5. 5.

    The structure of the walls in fibers as well as the homologies between the different elements making up these walls has been examined in the light of the facts previously established.

  6. 6.

    Comparative examination of diverse materials (cotton, flax, ramie, grass fibers) reveals very important differences in wall structure. A general study of the variations of structure of the walls of fibers according to the different systematic groups would certainly be of great interest.

  7. 7.

    A relation seems to exist between the formation of annular or spiralled ornaments in the wall of wood cells and the presence in this wall of a weave analogous to that revealed in the primary wall of fibers.

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Authors
  1. G. Mangenot
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  2. M. Raison
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Additional information

Translated by INES V. DE GRUY and VERNE W.TRIPPSouthern Regional Research Laboratory, New Orleans, Louisiana

In translating this rather extensive article, published in Revue de Cytologie et Cytophysiologie Végétales, Vol. 6, Part 1, 1942, the original text was followed as closely as possible. Where it seemed necessary or desirable, current American terminology was used. Short passages of the original have been omitted in the interest of brevity.

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Mangenot, G., Raison, M. Microscopical studies on the swelling of native, bleached and nitrated cellulose fibers. Bot. Rev 17, 555 (1951). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02880942

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02880942

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