Abstract
The mucopeptide layer of the cell wall ofBacillus megaterium is broken down into separate components during growth of the cells. The released diaminopimelic acid is partly decarboxylated to lysine, which is incorporated in the proteins and partly used for cell wall resynthesis. The smaller portion of the degraded mucopeptide is released into the medium in the form of non-utilized fragments. The rate of the mucopeptide turnover is a function of the rate of growth of the culture. About 15–20% of the rigid layer of the cell wall is degraded during on cell division. The sensitivity ofBacillus megaterium to lysozyme and the rate of its conversion to protoplasts is also proportionate to the rate of growth of the culture. There is no measurable mucopeptide turnover in non-growing cells, either in the stationary phase of the culture or in starvation in nitrogen-free medium. The resistance of the cell wall to lysozyme also increases during the stationary phase. The rigid component of the cell wall is probably also broken down during growth ofBacillus cereus andEscherichia coli cultures.
Abstract
Слой мукопептидов в клеточной оболочке Bacillus megaterium в течение роста клеток расщепляется на отдельные составные части. Освобождающаяся диаминопимеловая кислота частично декарбоксируется на лизин, который включается в белки. Меньшая часть расщепленного мукопептида выделяется в среду в форме неиспользованных осколков. Скорость «turnover» мукопептидов зависит от скорости роста культуры. В течение одного клеточного деления деградируется около 15–20% плотного слоя клеточной оболочки. Чувствительность Bacillus megaterium к лизоциму и скорость его превращения в протопласты также пропорциональна скорости роста культуры. В нерастущих клетках—как в стационарной фазе культуры, так в при ее голодании в безазотной среде—«turnover” мукопептидов не осуществляется. В то же время в стационарной фазе повышается устойчивость клеточных оболочек к лизоциму. Расщепление плотного компонента клеточной оболочки имеет место и в ходе размножения культур Bacillus cereus и Escherichia coli.
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Chaloupka, J., Říhová, L. & Křečková, P. Degradation and turnover of bacterial cell wall mucopeptides in growing bacteria. Folia Microbiol 9, 9–15 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02875894
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02875894