Skip to main content
Log in

The Be−Cu (Beryllium-Copper) system

  • Be−Cu
  • Published:
Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Cited References

  • Indicates key paper16Oes: G. Osterheld, “On the Melting Point and Heat of Fusion of Cu−Be Alloys”,Z. Anorg. Chem., 97, 13–27 (1916) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • 29Dah: O. Dahl, E. Holm, and G. Masing, “X-Ray Investigation of the Be−Cu Alloys”,Wiss. Veroffentl. Siemens-Konzern, 8, 154–186 (1929) in German. (Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper29Mas: G. Masing and O. Dahl, “On Constitution of Cu−Be Alloys”,Wiss. Veroffentl. Siemens-Konzern, 8, 94–100 (1929) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper32Bor: H. Borchers, “Investigation of Cu−Be System”,Metallwirtschft, 11, 317–321, 329–330 (1932) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper33Tan: H. Tanimura and G. Wassermann, “On Cu−Be System,”Z. Metallkd., 25, 179–181 (1933) in German. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • 35Kos: G.F Kossolapow and A.K. Trapesnikow, “X-Ray Analysis of β-Phase in Cu−Be and Al−Zn Alloys at High Temperatures”,Metallwirtschaft, 14, 45 (1935) in German. (Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 35Mis: L. Misch, “Structure of Intermetallic Compounds of Be with Cu, Ni and Fe”,Z. Phys. Chem. B., 29, 42–58 (1935) in German, quoted in [Hansen];Chem. Abstr., Vol. 29, 5715 (1935). (Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 37Lan: L. D. Landau,Phys. Z. Sowjetunion., 11, 26 (1937), quoted in [74Gri]. (Equi Diagram; Theory)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • 41Iwa: K. Iwase and M. Okamoto, “Equilibrium Diagrams of Be−Cu and Be−Ni−Cu Systems,”Nippon Kinzoku Gakkai-Shi (J. Jpn. Inst. Met.), 5, 82–84 (1941) in Japanese. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper42Bor: H. Borchers and H. J. Otto, “Study of α/(α+γ) Boundary in Cu−Be System,”Metallwirtschaft, 21, 215–217 (1942) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • 42Los: L. Losana and G. Venturello,Alluminio, 11, 8–16 (1942) quoted in [Hansen];Chem. Abstr., 37, 5004 (1943). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 43Gui: A. Guinier and P. Jacquet “On Age-Hardening of Cu−Be Alloys,”Compt. Rend., 217 (1), 22–24 (1943);Rev. Met., 41, 1–16 (1944) both in French. (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 44Tho: H. Thomas, “Chances of Volume and Electrical Resistivity on Heat Treatment of Cu−Be Alloys,”Z. Metallkd., 36, 136–140 (1944). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 48Guy: A. G. Guy, C. S. Barrett, and R. F. Mehl, “Mechanism of Precipitation in Alloys of Be in Cu,”Trans. AIME, 175, 216–238 (1948). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 49Bec: P. A. Beck, “Some Factors Affecting Rate of Precipitation Hardening in Cu−Be Alloys,”J. Appl. Phys., 20, 666–668 (1949). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • 49Ray: G. V. Raynor, “Equilibrium Diagram of System Be−Cu,”Annotated Equilibrium Diagrams, No. 7, Inst. Met., London (1949). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Review)

  • Indicates key paper50Fil: R. F. Fillnow and D. J. Mack, “Isothermal Transformation of Eutectoid Be Bronze,”Trans. AIME, 188, 1229–1236 (1950). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 50Kau: A. R. Kaufmann, P. Gordon, and D. W. Lillie, “Metallurgy of Be,”Trans. ASM, 42, 785–844 (1950). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 51Gru1: W. Gruhl and G. Wassermann, “On Precipitation Process in Cu−Be Alloys,”Metall., 5, 93–98 (1951);Metall., 5, 141–145 (1951) in German. (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 51Gru2: W. Gruhl, “About Reformation Phenomena in Cu−Be,”Metall., 5, 231–238 (1951) in German. (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper52Abr: N. Kh. Abrikosov, “Study of Cu−Be System,”Izv. Sekt. Fiz. Khim. Anal., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 21, 101–115 (1952) in Russian. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper52Gei: A. H. Geisler, J. H. Mallery, and F. E. Steigert, “On Mechanism of Precipitation in Cu−Be Alloys,”Trans. AIME, 194, 307–316 (1952). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 52Hum: W. Hume-Rothery, J. W. Christian, and W. B. Pearson,Metallurgical Equilibrium Diagrams, Inst. Phys., London, 184, 210–211 (1952). (Equi Diagram; Review)

    Google Scholar 

  • 55Vis: A. Viswanathan, “On Eutectoid Transformation of a Cu-6% Be Alloy,”Compt. Rend., 240, 626–628 (1955) in French. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 59Blo: R. J. Block and G. H. Kehl, “Resistivity Measurement on Eutectoid Be−Cu,”Trans. AIME, 215, 878–879 (1959). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 59Mar: A. J. Martin and A. Moore, “Structure of Be with Particular Reference to Temperature Above 1200°C,”J. Less-Common Met., 1, 85–93 (1959). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 59Tho: H. Thomas and U. Wilke-Dorfurt, “Influence of Additions on Hardening of Cu−Be Alloys,”Z. Metallkd., 50, 466–472 (1959) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 60Ent: A. R. Entwisle and J. K. Wynn, “Precipitation in Commercial Cu−Be Alloys,”J. Inst. Met., 89, 24–29 (1960). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 61Amo: V. M. Amonenko, V. Ye. Ivanov, G. F. Tikhinskii, V. A. Finkels, and I. V. Shpagin, “High Temperature Polymorphism of Be,”Fiz. Metal. Metalloved., 12, 865–871 (1961) in Russian; TR;Phys. Met. Metallogr., 12 (6), 77–82 (1961). (Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 61Boh: H. Bohm, “On Precipitation Behavior of Binary Cu Alloys and its Influence due to Alloying,”Z. Metallkd., 52 (9), 564–571 (1961) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 61Phi: V. A. Phillips, “Effect of Pressure on Age Hardening Characteristics of Cu−Be−Ni Alloys,”Acta Metall., 9, 216–224 (1961). (Pressure; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 62Anf: A. I. Afinogenov, M. P. Smirnov, N. G., Ilushchenko, and G. I. Belyaeva,Trudi in-ta Elektrokhim. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ural'sk. Filial, 3 83–100 (1962) in Russian. (Thermo; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 62Zak: M. I. Zakharova and Ye. M. Amosov, “β Phase Transformations in Cu−Be System,”Fiz. Metal. Metalloved, 14, 559–563 (1962) in Russian; TR:Phys. Met. Metallogr., 14 (4), 71–76 (1962). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 63Arm: W. K. Armitage, Ph. D. thesis, University of Leeds (1963). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

  • Indicates key paper63Gel: S. H. Gelles, J. J. Pickett, E. D. Levine, and W. B. Nowak, “Stability of Hgh Temperature Phase in Be and Be Alloys,” Proc. Conf. onThe Metallurgy of Beryllium, Inst. Met., London, No. 28, 588–600 (1963). (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • 63Mac: K. J. H. Mackay and N. A. Hill, “Lattice Parameter and Hardness Measurement on High Purity Be,”J. Nucl. Mater., 8 (2), 263–264 (1963). (Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • 63Pri: R. J. Price and A. Kelly, “Deformation of Age Hardened Crystals of Cu-1.8 wt.% Be,”Acta Metall., 11, 915–922 (1963) (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 63Tan: K. Tanaka, M. Mannami, K. Izumi, and K. Marukawa, “Structure of GP Zone in Cu-2% Be Alloy,”Acta Metall., 11, 79–81 (1963). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 64Tya1: Yu. D. Tyapkin, “Monoclinic Distortion of Cubic Lattice in Aging of Ni−Be and Cu−Be Alloys,”Dokl. AN SSSR, 154, 578–581 (1964) in Russian; TR:Sov. Phys.-Dokl., 9, 95–98 (1964). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 64Tya2: Yu. D. Tyapkin and A. V. Gavrilova, “Study of Anomalous Scattering of X-Rays in Microscopical Single Crystals of Alloys. First Stage of Aging in Ni−Be and Cu−Be Alloys,”Kristallografiya, 9, 213–218 (1964) in Russian; TR:Sov. Phys. Crystallogr., 9, 166–171 (1964). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper65Ham: M. L. Hammond, A. T. Davinroy, and M. I. Jacobson, “Be-Rich End of Five Binary Systems,” Tech. Rept. AFML-TR-65-223, 1–77 (1965). (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

  • 65Mor: T. Morinaga, T. Goto, T. Takahashi, and I. Mamiya, “Phase Transformation of Hypo-Eutectoid Cu−Be Alloy during High Temperature Tempering,”J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 29, 787–793 (1965) in Japanese. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 65Nak: M. Nakagawa, “Precipitation of Cu−Be Compounds from Supersaturated Solid Solution of Cu-2% Be Alloys,”Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 4, 760–766 (1965). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper65Pfe: I. Pfeiffer, “Electron Microscopic Investigation of Age-Hardening of Cu−Be Alloys,”Z. Metallkd., 56, 465–469 (1965) in German. (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 66Hen: Z. Henmi and T. Nagai, “On Mechanism of precipitation in Cu-2 wt.% Be Alloy,”J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 30, 400–406 (1966). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 66Mag: L. S. Magomedova and G. V. Davydov, “The Compound Cu−Be3,”Uch. Zap. Chuv. Gos. Pedagog. Inst., 5, 39–42 (1966) in Russian;Chem. Abstr., 68-90650t (1968). (Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 66Mur: Y. Murakami, H. Yoshida, T. Kawashima, and S. Yamamoto, “Effect of Additional Elements on Discontinuous Precipitation in Cu−Be Alloys,”J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 30, 508–514 (1966). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper66Tan: L. E. Tanner, “Diffraction Contrast from Elastic Shear Strains due to Coherent Phases,”Philos. Mag., 14 (127), 111–130 (1966). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper66Tya: Yu. D. Tyapkin, “Nature of Changes in Crystal Structure of Ni−Be and Cu−Be Alloys in First Stage of Aging,”Kristallografiya, 10 (4), 501–508 (1965) in Russian; TR:Sov. Phys. Crystallogr., 10 (4), 418–424 (1966). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 67Sor: L. M. Sorokin, “Electron Microscopic Investigation of Initial Stages in the Decompostion of Supersaturated Cu-2 at.% Be Solid Solution,”Sov. Phys.—Solid State, 8, 2820–2828 (1967); quoted in [74Bon1]. (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 68Bie: G. Bienvenu, C. Potard, B. Schaub, and P. Desre, “Determination of Thermodynamic Activity of Fe, Ni, Al and Cu in Dilute Solutions in Liquid Be,” Proc. Symp.Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials.1967, Intl Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, (1968). (Thermo; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper68Gav: L.G. Gavrilenko, V.I. Malkin, B.M. Mogutnov, and V.V. Pokidyshev, “Aging Peculiarities due to Thermodynamic Properties of Cu−Be Alloys,”Fiz. Metal. Metalloved., 25(3), 469–472 (1968); TR:Phys. Met. Metallogr., 25 (3), 92–96 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • 68Jac: M.I. Jacobson and M.L. Hammond, “Solid Solubilities of Ag, Al, Cr, Cu and Fe in Zone-Refined Be,”Trans. AIME, 242, 1385–1391 (1968). (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • 68Mur1: Y. Murakami, H. Yoshida, and S. Yamamoto, “On Aging Characteristics of Cu-2 wt. % Be Alloys with or without Additional Elements,”Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 9, 11–18 (1968). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 68Mur2: Y. Murakami, O. Kawano, and S. Yamamoto, Presented at Spring Meeting of JIM, Tokyo, April 4 (1968); quoted in Z. Henmi and T. Nagai, “Mechanism of Precipitation Hardening in Cu−Be Alloys,”Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 10, 166–173 (1969). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper69Mis: Y. Mishima, T. Okubo, and R. Shiromizu, “Aging, Reversion and Reaging of Cu−Be Alloys,”Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 10, 73–80 (1969). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 69Pat: L.S. Patskhverova, “Nature of δ Phase in Cu−Be System,”Izv. V.U.Z., Fiz., 12 (5), 122–123 (1969) in Russian; TR:Sov. Phys. J., 12 (5), 645–647 (1969). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 69Wil: P. Wilkes and M.M. Jackson, “Electron Microscope Study of Precipitation in Cu−Be Alloys,”Met. Sci. J., 3, 130–133 (1969) (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 69Yam: S. Yamamoto and Y. Murakami, Mem. Fac. Eng. (Kyoto University),31, 576 (1969); quoted in [71 Yam]. (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 70Kau: L. Kaufman and H. Bernstein,Computer Calculation of Phase Diagrams, Academic Press, New York, 185 (1970). (Thermo; Theory)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper70Rau: R. Rautioaho and E. Suoninen, “Study of Ordering in Cu−Be β Phase,”Phys. Status Solidi (a), 2, 493–496 (1970). (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 71Kre: H. Kreye, “Influence of Prior Cold Work on Discontinuous Precipitation in Cu-2 wt.% Be,”Z. Metallkd., 62(7), 556–562 (1971). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper71Shi1: K. Shimizu, Y. Mikami, H. Mitani, and K. Otsuka, “Electron Microscopy Study of Precipitation Processes in Cu-2 wt.% Be Alloy,”Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 12, 206–213 (1971). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper71Shi2: R. Shiromizu and Y. Mishima, “Reversion of Metastable Phases in Cu−Be Alloys,”J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 35, 183–189 (1971) in Japanese. (Meta Phases; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • 71Yam: S. Yamamoto, M. Matsui, and Y. Murakami, “Electron Microscopic Observation on Precipitation Sequence in Cu−Be Alloys,”Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 12, 159–165 (1971). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 73Phi: V.A. Phillips and L.E. Tanner, “High Resolution Electron Microscope Observations on GP Zones in Aged Cu-1.97 wt.% Be Crystal,”Acta Metall., 21, 441–448 (1973). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 73Tad: T. Tadaki, T. Sahara, and K. Shimizu, “Electron Metallography of Decomposition Processes in Hyper-Eutectoid Cu−Be β Phase Alloy,”Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 14(5), 401–407 (1973). (Equi Diagram; Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper73Tya1: Yu.D. Tyapkin and V.A. Golikov, “Crystallostructural Investigation of Eutectoid Decomposition of Cu−Be Alloys. Ordering with Formation of Mestable Solid Solution Cu2Be,”Fiz. Meta. Metalloved., 35, 336–346 (1973). in Russian: TR:Phys. Met. Metallogr., 35 (2), 101–110 (1973). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 73Tya2: Yu.D. Tyapkin and V.A. Golikov, “Crystallographic Investigation of Eutectoid Disintegration of Cu−Be Alloys. Structural changes of β″ phase to Cu2Be in Course of Ordering,”Fiz. Metal. Metalloved., 36, 1058–1070 (1973) in Russian; TR:Phys. Met. Metallogr., 36 (5), 144–154 (1973). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper74Auv: X. Auvray, R. Graf, and A. Guinier, “Study of Cu−Be Alloys Close to the Eutectoid Composition,”Scr. Metall., 8, 995–1004 (1974) in French. (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper74Bon1: W. Bonfield and B.C. Edwards, “Precipitation Hardening in Cu-1.81 wt.% Be-0.28 wt.% Co, Part 1: Continuous Precipitation,”J. Mater. Sci., 9, 398–408 (1974). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper74Bon2: W. Bonfield and B.C. Edwards, “Precipitation Hardening in Cu-1.81 wt.% Be-0.28 wt.% Co, Part 2: Discontinuous Precipitation,”J. Mater. Sci., 9, 409–414 (1974). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper74Gol: V.A. Golikov and Yu.D. Tyapkin, “Crystallographic Analysis of Eutectoid Decomposition of Cu−Be Alloys. Initial Stages of Decomposition,”Fiz. Metal. Metalloved., 37, 322–327 (1974) in Russian; TR:Phys. Met. Metallogr., 37 (2), 89–93 (1974). (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 74Gri: R.B. Griffiths, “Thermodynamic Model for Tricritical Points in Ternary and Quanternary Fluid Mixtures,”J. Chem. Phys., 60(1), 195–206 (1974). (Thermo; Theory)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • 74Tya1: Yu.D. Tyapkin, V.A. Golikov, A.V. Gavrilova, and V.D. Vasin, “New Type of Quasiperiodical (Modulated) Structure in Aging and Eutectoid Alloys,”Scr. Metall., 8(10), 1171–1174 (1974). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 74Tya2: Yu.D. Tyapkin and V.A. Golikov, “Development of Quasi Periodical Distribution of Nuclei in Sites of Tetragonal Body Centered Macrolattice during Eutectoid Decomposition of Cu−Be Alloys,”Fiz. Metal. Metalloved., 38, 803–811 (1974) in Russian; TR:Phys. Met. Metallogr., 38(4), 117–123 (1974). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper75Rak: A.G. Rakhstadt and Kh.G. Tkhagapsoyev, “Relationships Governing Discontinuous Decomposition of α Solid Solution in Cu−Be Alloys,”Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Met., 6, 188–195 (1975) in Russian; TR:Russ. Metall., 6, 150–156 (1975). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 76All: S.M. Allen and J.W. Cahn, “Mechanisms of Phase Transformations within Miscibility Gap of Fe-Rich Fe−Al Alloys,”Acta Metall., 24, 425–437 (1976). (Equi Diagram; Thermo; Theory)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper77Auv: X. Auvray, “Study of Cu−Be Alloys Near Eutectoid Composition,” Sc.D. thesis, Univ. Rouen, France (1977). (Meta Phases; Equi Diagram, Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 77Mye: S.M. Myers and J.E. Smugeresky, “Low Temperature Solubility of Cu in Be, in Be−Al, and in Be−Si using Ion Beams,”Metall. Trans. A, 8, 609–616 (1977). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 78Ino: H. Ino, “Pairwise Interaction Model for Decomposition and Ordering Processes in BCC Binary Alloys and its Application to Fe−Be System,”Acta Metall., 26, 827–834 (1978). (Equi Diagram; Thermo; Theory)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 78Tsu: H. Tsubakino and R. Nozato, “On Relationship between Discontinuous Precipitation and Continuous Precipitation in Cu−Be Alloys,”Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefecture Ser. A, 27(2), 149–165 (1978). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 78Wil: D.B. Williams, “Analytic TEM of Discontinuous Reaction in Cu−Be−Co Alloys,”Ninth Int. Cong. Electron Microscopy (Toronto) 1, 506–507 (1978). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 79Ald: F. Aldinger and G. Petzow, inBeryllium Science and Technology, Vol. 1, D. Webster and G.L. London, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, 235–305 (1979). (Equi Diagram; Review; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • 79Bab: E.G. Baburaj, U.D. Kulkarni, E.S.K. Menon, and R. Krishnan, “CuBe Precipitation in Cu−Be Alloys,”Phase Transform., 1, 171–198 (1979). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 79Rio: R.J. Rioja, Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Met. Eng. and Mat. Sci., Pittsburgh, PA (1979). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

  • 80Bau: S.F. Baumann and D.B. Williams, “Suppression of Discontinuous Reaction in Cu−Be Alloys,”Electron Microscopy, 1, 194–195 (1980). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 80Gie: W.C. Giessen, “Be−Cu System,”Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1(1), 50–52 (1980). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper80Rio: R.J. Rioja and D.E. Laughlin, “Sequence of Precipitation in Cu-2 wt.% Be Alloys,”Acta Metall., 28, 1301–1313 (1980). (Meta Phase, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 80Tsu: H. Tsubakino, R. Nozato, and H. Mitani, “Influence of Co on Volume Fraction of Discontinuous Precipitation Cells in Cu-2 wt.% Be−Co Alloys,”J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 44(10), 1122–1126 (1980) in Japanese. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • Indicates key paper81Lau: D.E. Laughlin and L.E. Tanner, “The Be−Cu System: Metastable Solvi,”Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2(1), 28 (1981). (Meta Phases; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • 81Sva: L.S. Svanidze, V.A. Golikov, and Yu.D. Tyapkin, “On Nature of Surface Relief Resulting from Eutectoid Decomposition of Alloys Cu−Be and Aging of Alloys Cu−Be, Ni−Be,”Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 51, 883–887 (1981) in Russian; TR:Phys. Met. Metallogr., 51(4), 185–189 (1981) (Meta Phases, Crys Structure; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 82Ale: K.B. Alexander, D.A. Steigerwald, and D.E. Laughlin, “Effect of Continuous Precipitation Kinetics on Discontinuous Precipitation in Cu−Be and Al−Ag Alloys,” Proc. Int. Conf., Carnegie Mellon University, Aug 1981, inSolid-Solid Phase Transformations, H.I. Aaronson, D.E. Laughlin, R.F. Sekerka, and C.M. Wayman, Ed., AIME, 945–949 (1982). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

  • 82All: S.M. Allen and J.W. Cahn, “Phase Diagram Features Associated with Multicritical Points in Alloy Systems,”Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 3(3), 287–295 (1982). (Equi Diagram; Theory)

    Google Scholar 

  • 82Kal: J. Garcia, R.J. Rioja, and D.E. Laughlin, private communication (1982). (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

  • Indicates key paper82Jon: S. Jonsson, K. Kaltenbach, and G. Petzow, “Phase Relations in Be-Rich Section of Be−Cu−Fe System,”Z. Metallkd., 73(8), 534–539 (1982). (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)

    Google Scholar 

  • 82Kal: K. Kaltenbach, private communication of tabulated data from [82Jon] and from some more recent measurements.

  • 82Sof: W.A. Soffa and D.E. Laughlin, “Recent Experimental Studies of Continuous Transformations in Alloys: An Overview,” Proc. Int. Conf., Carnegie Mellon University, Aug 1981, inSolid-Solid Phase Transformations, H.I. Aaronson, D.E. Laughlin, R.F. Sekerka, and C.M. Wayman, Ed., AIME, 159–183 (1982). (Thermo; Review)

  • 82Tan: L.E. Tanner, A.R. Pelton, and R. Gronsky, Characterization of Pre-Transformation Morphologies: Periodic Strain Modulations,” ICOMAT '82 Belgium (1982); preprint. (Equi Diagram; Experimental)

  • 83Mik: M. Miki, S. Hori, and Y. Amano, “Effect of Additional Elements on Grain Boundary Reaction in Cu-2 wt. % Be Alloy,”Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 24, 674–680 (1983). (Equi Diagram, Meta Phases; Experimental)

    Google Scholar 

  • 84Kau: L. Kaufman and L.E. Tanner, “Coupled Phase Diagrams and Thermochemical Descriptions of Fe−Be, Co−Be, Ni−Be, and Cu−Be Systems,”Calphad, 8(2), 121–133 (1984). (Thermo; Theory)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 86Koo: Y.M. Koo, diss., Northwestern University (1986). (Meta Phases; Experimental)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Work was supported by the International Copper Research Association, Inc. (INCRA) and the Department of Enery through the Joint Program on Critical Compilation of Physical and Chemical Data coordinated through the Office of Standard Reference Data (OSRD), National Bureau of Standards. Literature searched through 1983. Professor Laughlin is the ASM/NBS Data Program Category Editor for binary copper alloys, and Mr. Tanner is the Co-Category Editor for binary beryllim alloys.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chakrabarti, D.J., Laughlin, D.E. & Tanner, L.E. The Be−Cu (Beryllium-Copper) system. Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 8, 269–282 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02874919

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02874919

Keywords

Navigation