This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Literature Cited
Adams, A. M. 1949. A convenient method of obtaining ascospores from baker’s yeast. Can. Jour. Res. C27: 179–189.
—————. 1954. Effect of gaseous environment and temperature on ascospore formation inSaccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen. Can. Jour. Bot.32: 320–334.
Adams, J., &E. H. Parfitt. 1939. Some factors influencing the amount of mold mycelia in butter. Jour. Dairy Sci.22(5): 367–374.
Ainsworth, G. C., &A. S. Sussman. 1966a. The Fungi. Vol. I. Academic Press, New York and London, xvi + 748 pp.
—————, & —————. 1966b. The Fungi. Vol. II. Academic Press, New York and London, xvi + 805 pp.
Ajl, S. J., &C. H. Werkman. 1948. Enzymic fixation of carbon dioxide in α-ketoglutaric acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S.34: 491–498.
Allen, P. J. 1955. The role of a self-inhibitor in the germination of rust uredospores. Phytopathology45(5): 259–266.
Allison, F. E., S. R. Hoover, &H. J. Morris. 1934. Nitrogen fixation studies with fungi and actinomycetes. Jour. Agr. Res.49: 1115–1123.
Allyn, W. P., &I. L. Baldwin. 1930. The effect of the oxidation-reduction character of the medium on the growth of an aerobic form of bacteria. Jour. Bact.20: 417–438.
—————, & —————. 1932. Oxidation-reduction potentials to the growth of an aerobic form of bacteria. Jour. Bact.23: 369–398.
Andreasen, A. A., &J. B. Stier. 1953. Anaerobic nutrition ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Jour. Cell. & Comp. Physiol.41: 23–36.
—————, & —————. 1954. Anaerobic nutrition ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Unsaturated fatty acid requirement for growth in a defined medium. Jour. Cell. & Comp. Physiol.43: 271–281.
—————, & —————. 1956. Anaerobic nutrition ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. III. An unidentified growth promoting factor and its relationship to the essential lipid requirements. Jour. Cell. & Comp. Physiol.48(2): 317–328.
Aristovskaya, T. V. 1944. Carbon dioxide and the life of heterotrophic microorganisms. Advances in Modern Biol. (USSR)17(1): 54–70.
Badaner, B. B. 1931. Nitrogen fixation and the production of oxalic acid in dental caries byAspergillus niger. Dental Cosmos73: 780–785.
Bailey, L. D. 1923. Sunflower rust. Minn. Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull.16: 1–31.
Balabanoff, V. A., &I. B. Kasenow. 1963. Production of macroconidia ofTrichophyton megnini under the effect of CO2. Mycopath. & Mycol. Appl.19(4): 283–286.
Bandurski, R. S. 1955. Further studies on the enzymatic synthesis of oxalacetate from phosphorylenol pyruvate and carbon dioxide. Jour. Biol. Chem.217: 137–150.
Bannerjee, S. N., &B. K. Bakshi. 1944. On the production of true pilei ofPolyporus brumalis (Pers.) Fr. in artificial culture. Current Sci.13: 102–104.
Barinova, S. A. 1941. Formation of fumaric and succinic acids in cultures ofRhizopus nigricans. Mikrobiologiya10: 716–729.
————— 1953a. Influence of carbon dioxide on mold growth. Mikrobiologiya22: 391–398.
————— 1953b. Significance of carbon dioxide in the life processes of molds. I. Possibility of substituting organic acids for carbon dioxide. Mikrobiologiya22: 497–505.
————— 1954. Effects of carbon dioxide on respiration in molds. Mikrobiologiya23: 521–526.
————— 1958. Effects of carbon dioxide on reduction of methylene blue by molds. Mikrobiologiya27: 3–6.
————— 1960. Growth stimulation of molds by carbon dioxide and effect of mesotertanic acid on this process. Mikrobiologiya29(2): 125–126.
————— 1961. The importance of carbon dioxide to the vital activity of fungi. Izvest. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Biol.4: 561–572.
————— 1962. Carbon dioxide utilization and its role in the metabolism of mold fungi. Mikrobiologiya31: 7–17.
————— 1964. Carbon dioxide production inAspergillus niger. Mikrobiologiya33(3): 404–407.
Barnett, H. L., &V. G. Lilly. 1955. The effects of humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide on sporulation ofChoanephora cucurbitarum. Mycologia47: 26–29.
Barnett, J. A., &H. L. Kornberg. 1960. The utilization by yeasts of acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Jour. Gen. Microbiol.23: 65–82.
Barron, E. S. G., &F. Ghiretti. 1953. Pathways of acetate oxidation. Biochim. & Biophys. Acta12: 239–249.
Barrows, F. L. 1941. Propagation ofEpigaea repens. II. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst.11: 431–448.
Bartnicki-Garcia, S., &W. J. Nickerson. 1961. Thiamin and nicotinic acid; anaerobic growth factors forMucor rouxii. Jour. Bact.82: 142–148.
—————, & —————. 1962a. Induction of yeast-like development inMucor by carbon dioxide. Jour. Bact.84: 829–840.
—————, & —————. 1962b. Nutrition, growth and morphogenesis inMucor rouxii. Jour. Bact.84: 841–858.
—————, & —————. 1962c. Assimilation of carbon dioxide and morphogenesis ofMucor rouxii. Biochim. & Biophys. Acta64: 548–551.
Bary, A. de. 1887. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. (English translation by E. F. Garnsey, revised by I. B. Balfour.) Clarendon Press, Oxford, xviii + 525 pp.
Bavendamm, W. 1928. [Studies on the living conditions of wood-destroying fungi;— A contribution to the sensitiveness of our woody plants to disease.] Zentralbl. Bakt. II.75: 426–452, 503–533.
Berghaus, W. H. 1907. Uber die Wirkung der Kohlensaure des Sauerstoffs und des Wasserstoffs auf Bakterien bei verschiedenen Druckhohen. Arch. Hyg.62: 172–200.
Bergman, H. F. 1959. Oxygen deficiency as a cause of disease in plants. Bot. Rev.25: 417–485.
Bernhauer, K., &N. Böckl. 1932a. Chemistry of acid forming processes under the influence ofAspergillus niger. VII. Conversion of alcohol into citric acid. Biochem. Zeitschr.253: 16–24.
—————, & —————. 1932b. Chemistry of acid forming processes under the influence ofAspergillus niger. VIII. Transformation of aconitic acid into citric acid and further data on the decomposition of acetic acid. Biochem. Zeitschr.253: 25–29.
—————. 1928. Enzyme chemistry of the processes of acid formation byAspergillus niger. Zeitschr. Physiol. Chem.177: 270–279.
Berthelot, M. 1893. Recherches nouvelles sur les microörganisms fixateurs de l’azote. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)116: 842–849.
Bettelheim, K. A., &J. A. Gay. 1963. Acetate-glyoxylate medium for the sporulation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Jour. Appl. Bact.26: 224–231.
Biejerinck, M. W. 1888. Die Bacterien der Papilionaceen-Knöllchen. Bot. Zeitung46: 725–735; 741–750, 757–771, 781–790, 797–804.
Biggs, D. R., &A. W. Linnane. 1963. Effect of oxygen on the composition and organization of the electron transport system of yeast. Biochim. & Biophys. Acta78: 785–788.
Birkinshaw, J. H. 1937. Biochemistry of the lower fungi. Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philos. Soc.12: 357–392.
Bisby, G. R., M. I. Timonin, &N. James. 1935. Fungi isolated from soil profiles in Manitoba. Can. Jour. Res. C13: 47–65.
Blackman, V. H. 1903. On the conditions of teleutospore germination and of sporidia formation in the Uredineae. New Phytol.2: 10–15.
Bolley, H. L., &E. J. Pritchard. 1906. Rust problems. Facts, observations and theories. Possible means of control. New Jersey Agr. Exp. Sta., Exp. Sta. Bull.68: 1–61.
Bond, G., &G. D. Scott. 1955. An examination of some symbiotic systems for the fixation of nitrogen. Ann. Bot. (London) N.S.19: 67–77.
Böning, K., F. Wagner, &A. Minckwitz. 1953. Untersuchungen zur Keimungsbiologie und Beizung der Sporen der Zwergbrandes an Weizen. Zeitschr. Pflanzenbau & Pflanzenschutz4: 49–71.
Boutelje, J. B., &H. Kiessling. 1964. On water-stored timber and its decay by fungi and bacteria. Arkiv Mikrobiol.49: 305–314.
Brancato, F. P., &N. S. Golding. 1953. Gas requirements of molds: the importance of dissolved oxygen on the medium for germination and growth of several molds. Northw. Sci.27: 33–38.
Brandt, K. M. 1944. Effect of CO2 and CO2 fixation in baker’s yeast. Nature153: 343–344.
Brefeld, O. 1900. Versuche über die Stickstoffeaufnahme bei den Pflanzen. Jahres-Bericht Schlesischen Ges. Vaterl. Cultur.78 (Abt. II): 27–38. (Zoologischbotanische Section.)
Brewer, J. H. 1940. Clear liquid mediums for the “aerobic” cultivation of anaerobes. Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc.115: 598–600.
Brierley, W. B., S. T. Jewson, &M. Brierley. 1928. The quantitative study of soil fungi. Proc. Int. Congr. Soil Sci.3:48–71.
Bright, T. B., P. A. Dixon, &W. T. Whymper. 1949. Effect of ethyl alcohol and CO2 on the sporulation of baker’s yeast. Nature164: 544.
Brockmann, M. C., &T. J. B. Stier. 1947a. The use of sodium azide for determining the fermentative ability of yeast developed under different oxygen tensions. Jour. Bact.53: 621–629.
—————, & —————. 1947b. Steady state fermentation by yeast in a growth medium. Jour. Cell. & Comp. Physiol.29: 1–14.
Brodie, H. J. 1945. Further investigations on the mechanism of germination of the conidia of various species of powdery mildew at low humidity. Can. Jour. Res.23: 198–211.
—————. 1942. The development and structure of the conidia ofErysiphe polygoni DC. and their germination at low humidity. Can. Jour. Res. C20: 41–61.
Brooks, C., C. O. Bretley, & L. P. McColloch. 1939. Transit and storage diseases of fruits and vegetables as affected by initial CO2 treatments. U.S. Dep. Agr. Tech. Bull. 519.
Brown, H. T. 1914. Some studies on yeast. Ann. Bot. (London).28: 197–226.
Brown, M. E., &G. Metcalfe. 1957. Nitrogen fixation by a species ofPullularia. Nature180: 282.
Brown, W. 1915. Studies in the physiology of parasitism. I. The action ofBotrytis cinerea. Ann. Bot. (London)29: 313–348.
————— 1917. Studies in the physiology of parasitism. IV. On the distribution of cytase in cultures ofBotrytis cinerea. Ann. Bot. (London)31: 489–498.
————— 1922. On the growth and germination of fungi at various temperatures and in various concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Ann. Bot. (London)36: 257–283.
————— 1923. Experiments on the growth of fungi on culture media. Ann. Bot. (London)37: 105–129.
Buchanan, R. E., &E. I. Fulmer. 1928. Physiology and biochemistry of bacteria. Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Vol.I, 516 pp.
—————, & —————. 1930. Physiology and biochemistry of bacteria. Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Vol.II, 689 pp.
Bulit, J., &J. Louvet. 1960. A technique for the study of the action of carbon dioxide on fungi parasitizing underground plant organs. Ann. Inst. Pasteur98: 557–561.
Bullen, J. J. 1949. The yeastlike form ofCryptococcus farciminosus (Histoplasma farciminosum). Jour. Pathol. Bact.61: 117–120.
Buller, A. H. R. 1909. Researches on fungi. Longmans, Green and Co., New York, Vol.I, xi + 287 pp.
————— 1909–1934. Researches on fungi. Longmans, Green and Co., New York, ii + 492 pp.; iii + 611 pp.; iv + 329 pp.; v + 416 pp.; vi + 513 pp.
Burgeff, H. 1909. Die Worzelpilze der Orchideen, ihre Kultur und ihr Leben in der Pflanze. G. Fischer, Jena, 220 pp.
————— 1911. Die Anzucht tropischer Orchideen aus Samen. G. Fischer, Jena, 89 pp.
————— 1936. Samenkeimung der Orchideen. G. Fischer, Jena, 312 pp.
Burges, A., &E. Fenton. 1953. The effect of carbon dioxide on the growth of certain soil fungi. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.36: 104–108.
Burris, R. H., &P. W. Wilson. 1947. Biological nitrogen fixation. Ann. Rev. Biochem.14: 685–708.
Buston, H. W., M. O. Moss, &D. Tyrrell. 1966. The influence of carbon dioxide on growth and sporulation ofChaetomium globosum. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.49(2): 387–396.
Butkevich, V. S. 1924. Uber die Bildung der Glucon and Citronsaure in den Pilzkulturen auf Zucker. Biochem. Zeitschr.154: 177–190.
————— 1934. [Biochemical production of oxalic acid and the participation of the mycelium in this process.] Biochem. Zeitschr.272: 371–375.
—————. 1929a. Uber Bildung von Fumarsaure in den Zuckerkulturen vonMucor stolonifer (Rhizopus nigricans) und sein Verhalten zur Brenztraubsaure. Biochem. Zeitschr.206: 440–456.
—————, & —————. 1929b. Uber die Umvandlung der Essigsaure durchMucor stolonifer in Bernstein- und Fumarsaure und das Verfahrung zur Trennung und quantitative Bestimmung dieser Sauren. Biochem. Zeitschr.207: 302–318.
—————, & —————. 1930a. Uber die Verhaltnisse zwischen Essig-, Bernstein-, Fumar-, und Oxalsaure in den Kultures vonMucor stolonifer. Biochem. Zeitschr.219: 87–102.
—————, & —————. 1930b. Uber die Umwandlung des Athylalkohole in den Kulturen vonMucor stolonifer. Biochem. Zeitschr.219: 103–121.
Caldwell, J. 1963. Effects of high partial pressures of oxygen on fungi. Nature197: 772–774.
Cantino, E. C. 1949. The physiology of the aquatic Phycomycete,Blastocladia pringsheimii, with emphasis on its nutrition and metabolism. Amer. Jour. Bot.36: 94–112.
————— 1956. The relation between cellular metabolism and morphogenesis inBlastocladiella. Mycologia48: 225–240.
—————. 1961. The relationship between biochemical and morphological differentiation in non-filamentous aquatic fungi.In: “Microbial Reaction to Environment,” Cambridge: The University, Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. No. 11, 243 pp.
—————. 1956. The stimulatory effect of light upon the growth and carbon dioxide fixation inBlastocladiella. Mycologia48: 777–799.
Carson, S. F., J. W. Foster, W. E. Jefferson, E. F. Phares, &D. S. Anthony. 1950. Organic synthesis by C2 (compound) condensation and reversible carbon dioxide exchange reactions. Brookhaven Conf. Rep., CO2 Assimilation Reactions in Biological Systems,BNL70 (C-13): 56–63.
—————, —————, —————, —————, & —————. 1951. Oxidative formation of lactic acid by a fungus. Arch. Biochem. & Biophys.33: 448–458.
Chain, E. B., &G. Gualandi. 1954. Amperometric aeration studies under conditions of agitated submerged cultures in shake flasks and stirred fermenters. Rend. Ist. Super. Sanita (English ed.)17: 5–60.
Charles, H. P. 1962. Response ofNeurospora mutants to carbon dioxide. Nature195: 359–360.
—————. 1964. Carbon dioxide mutants inNeurospora. Nature201: 1004–1006.
Chester, K. S. 1946. The nature and prevention of the cereal rusts as exemplified in the leaf rust of wheat. Stechert-Hafner, Inc., New York, 269 pp.
Child, M. 1929. Preliminary studies on the genusDaldinia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.16: 411–486.
Chin, B. 1961. Changes in gross chemical compounds ofTrichophyton mentagrophytes during incubation in increased carbon dioxide tensions. Diss. Abstr.22: 1793–1794.
—————. 1957. Growth ofTrichophyton mentagrophytes andTrichophyton rubrum in increased carbon dioxide tensions. Jour. Gen. Microbiol.16: 642–646.
—————, & —————. 1963a. Stimulation of glucose metabolism inTrichophyton mentagrophytes during incubation in increased carbon dioxide tension. Jour. Gen. Microbiol.30: 121–126.
—————, & —————. 1963b. Changes in gross chemical composition ofTrichophyton mentagrophytes during incubation in increased carbon dioxide tensions. Jour. Gen. Microbiol.30: 113–120.
Chlopin, G. W., &G. Tamman. 1903. Einfluss hoher Drucke auf Mikroorganismen. Zeitschr. Hyg.14: 171–204.
Ciferri, O., &F. Sala. 1962. Carbohydrate metabolism ofPrototheca zopfii. II. Carbon dioxide fixation by cell-free extracts. Enzymologia24: 283–296.
Claassen, H. 1935. Exchange of matter, respiration and gas exchange of yeast cells in experiments with aeration and continuous feeding. Biochem. Zeitschr.275: 350–360.
Cochran, L. C. 1932. A study of twoSeptoria leaf spots of celery. Phytopathology27: 791–812.
Cochrane, V. W. 1956. The anaerobic dissimilation of glucose byFusarium lini. Mycologia48: 1–12.
————— 1958. Physiology of fungi. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, xiii + 524 pp.
Committee on Bacteriological Technique. 1957. Manual of microbiological methods. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, x + 315 pp.
Cooke, W. B. 1966. Fungi in sludge digesters. Proc. 20th Industrial Waste Conf. (1965), Purdue Univ. Eng. Bull.50: 6–17.
Coons, G. H. 1916. Factors involved in the growth and the pycnidium formation ofPlenodomus fuscomaculans. Jour. Agr. Res.5: 713–769.
Couch, J. N. 1939. A newConidiobolus with sexual reproduction. Amer. Jour. Bot.26: 119–130.
Crasemann, J. M. 1954. The nutrition ofChytridium andMacrochytrium. Amer. Jour. Bot.41: 302–310.
Czapek, F. 1902. Untersuchungen über die Stickstoffgewinnung und Eiweissbildung der Schimmelpilze. Hofmeister’s Beiträge Chem. Physiol. & Pathol.2: 557–590.
Darby, R. T., &D. R. Goddard. 1950. Studies of the respiration of the mycelium ofMyrothecium verrucaria. Amer. Jour. Bot.37: 379–387.
Denny, F. E. 1933. Oxygen requirements ofNeurospora sitophila for formation of perithecia and growth of mycelium. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst.5: 95–102.
Dobbs, C. G., &W. N. Hinson. 1953. A widespread fungistasis in soils. Nature172: 197–204.
Dodge, B. O. 1932. Heterothallism and hypothetical hormones inNeurospora. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club58: 517–522.
Dodge, C. W. 1935. Medical mycology. C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 900 pp.
D’Oliveira, B. 1939. Can rusts fix nitrogen? Nature144: 480.
Domsch, K. H. 1954. Keimungsphysiologische Untersuchungen mit Sporen vonErysiphe graminis. Arch. Mikrobiol.20: 163–175.
Doran, W. L. 1922. Effect of external and internal factors on the germination of fungus spores. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club49: 313–336.
Drouhet, E., &F. Mariat. 1952. Etude des facteurs déterminant le développement de la phase levure deSporotrichum schencki. Ann. Inst. Pasteur83: 506–514.
Duckworth, R. B., &G. C. M. Harris. 1950. The morphology ofPenicillium chrysogenum in submerged fermentation. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.32: 224–236.
Duggar, B. M. 1901. Physiological studies with reference to the germination of certain fungus spores. Bot. Gaz.31: 38–66.
—————. 1916. Studies in the physiology of fungi. I. Nitrogen fixation. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.3: 413–437.
—————. 1911. Relation of certain fungi to nitrogen fixation. Science33: 191.
Duncan, C. G. 1960. Wood attacking capacities and physiology of soft rot fungi. For. Prod. Lab., Madison, Wisconsin, Report 2173.
Durbin, R. D. 1955. Straight-line function of growth of microorganisms at toxic levels of carbon dioxide. Science121: 734–735.
Durrell, L. W. 1924. Stimulation of spore germination by carbon dioxide. Science60: 499.
Edgerton, C. W. 1910. The bean anthracnose. Louisiana Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.119: 1–55.
Edmondson, J. E., &W. H. E. Reid. 1942. Various treatments which affect the growth of mold mycelia in cream and resultant butter. (Abstr.) Jour. Dairy Sci.25: 717–718.
Ehrlich, F. 1909. Über die Entstehung der Bernsteinsäure bei der alkoholischen Gärung. Biochem. Zeitschr.18: 391–423.
Elarosi, H. 1956. Sporulation of fungi inside the plant host cell. Nature177: 665–666.
Emerson, R., &E. C. Cantino. 1948. The isolation, growth and metabolism ofBlastocladia in pure culture. Amer. Jour. Bot.35: 157–171.
Emodi, G., &E. Sarkany. 1937. Kinetics of yeast respiration. Biochem. Zeitschr.290: 71–90.
Enebo, L. W. 1954. Studies in cellulose decomposition by an anaerobic thermophilic bacterium and two associated non-cellulolytic species. Viktor Pettersons Bokindustrie Aktiebolag, Stockholm, 125 pp.
Erkama, J., I. Heikkinen, &B. Hagerstrand. 1949. Metabolisms ofAspergillus niger. I. Effect of aeration in the formation of citric and oxalic acids in surface mold cultures. Acta Chem. Scand.3: 858–861.
Fellows, H. 1928. The influence of oxygen and carbon dioxide on the growth ofOphiobolus graminis in pure culture. Jour. Agr. Res.37: 349–355.
Feniksova, R. V., &R. B. Segal. 1953.Aspergillus as amylase producer. III. Influence of growth conditions on formation of conidia byAspergillus oryzae. Mikrobiologiya22: 543–550.
Fildes, P., &J. McIntosh. 1921. An improved form of McIntosh and Fildes anaerobic jar. British Jour. Exp. Pathol.2: 153–154.
Fineman, B. C. 1921. A study of the thrush parasite. Jour. Infec. Dis.28: 185–200.
Finn, R. K. 1954. Agitation aeration in the laboratory and in industry. Bact. Rev.18: 254–274.
Follstad, M. N. 1966. Mycelial growth rate and sporulation ofAlternaria tenuis, Botrytis cineria, Cladosporium herbarum andRhizopus stolonifer in low-oxygen atmospheres. Phytopathology56(9): 1098–1099.
Foster, J. W. 1949. Chemical activities of the fungi. Academic Press, New York, xviii + 648 pp.
—————. 1959. Metabolic exchange of carbon dioxide with carboxyls and oxidative synthesis of C4 dicarboxylic acids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.36: 219–229.
—————, —————. 1949. Aerobic formation of fumaric acid in the moldRhizopus nigricans: synthesis by direct C2 condensation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.35: 663–672.
—————, —————. 1941. Radioactive carbon as an indicator of carbon dioxide utilization. VII. The assimilation of carbon dioxide by molds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.27: 590–596.
—————. 1948. Anaerobic formation of fumaric acid by the moldRhizopus nigricans. Jour. Bact.56: 329–338.
—————, & —————. 1949. Carbon dioxide inhibition of anaerobic fumarate formation in the moldRhizopus nigricans. Arch. Biochem.21: 135–142.
—————. 1945. Microbiological aspects of penicillin. V. Conidiophore formation in submerged culture. Jour. Bact.50: 365–368.
—————. 1939a. The specific effect of zinc and other heavy metals on growth and fumaric acid production byRhizopus. Jour. Bact.37: 599–617.
—————, & —————. 1939b. Production of fumaric acid by molds belonging to the genusRhizopus. Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc.61: 127–135.
Fowell, R. R. 1952. Sodium acetate agar as a sporulation medium for yeast. Nature170: 578.
—————. 1960. Factors controlling the sporulation of yeasts. I. The presporulation phase. Jour. Appl. Bact.23: 53.
Frampton, V. L., &P. M. Marsh. 1941. Respiration of conidia ofSclerotinia fructicola. (Abstr.) Phytopathology31: 9.
Frank, A. B. 1892. Lehrbuch der Botanik. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 431 pp.
————— 1893. Die Assimilation des frien Stickstoffs durch die Pflanzenwelt. Bot. Zeitung51: 139–156.
Frankel, C. 1889. Die Einwirkung der Kohlensäure auf die Lebenstätigkeit der Mikroorganismen. Zeitschr. Hyg.5: 332–362.
Frankland, P. F. 1889. Uber den Einfluss der Kohlensäure und anderer Gase auf die Entwicklungs fahigkeit der Mikroorganismen. Zeitschr. Hyg.6: 13–22.
Frei, H. 1942. [Quantitative studies on the assimilation of elementary nitrogen from the air by pellicle forming yeasts.] Zentralbl. Bakt. II.104: 326–365.
Froelich, H. 1907. Stickstoffbildung durch einige auf abgestorbenen Pflanzen häufige Hyphomyceten. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.45: 256–302.
Fuchs, J. 1926. Schimmelpilze als Hefebildner. Zentralbl. Bakt. II.66: 490–500.
Fulmer, E. I. 1923. Utilization of atmospheric nitrogen bySaccharomyces cerevisiae. Science57: 645–646.
—————. 1925. The fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by yeast as a function of the hydrogen-ion concentration. Jour. Phys. Chem.29: 1415–1418.
Garrett, S. D. 1936–1944. Soil conditions and the take-all disease of wheat. Ann. Appl. Biol.23: 667–699;24: 747–751;25: 742–766;26: 47–55;27: 199–204;28: 14–18, 325–332;31: 186–191.
————— 1956. Biology of root-infecting fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, xi + 293 pp.
Gassner, G., &W. Franke. 1938. Untersuchungen über den Stickstoffhaushalt rostinfizieren Getreideblatter. Phytopath. Zeitschr.11: 517–570.
—————. 1929. Investigations on the dependence of the infection relations of the cereal rust fungi on the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere. Phytopath. Zeitschr.1: 1–30.
Geddes, W. F., L. S. Cuendet, & C. M. Christensen. 1955. Recent investigations on grain storage. 3rd Int. Bread Congr., Hamburg (1955), pp. 136–139.
Gest, H., &J. L. Stokes. 1952. The effect of carbon dioxide on the reduction of methylene blue by microorganisms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Jour. Microbiol. & Serol.18: 55–62.
Gibbs, M., &R. Gastel. 1953. Glucose dissimilation byRhizopus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.43: 33–38.
Gitterman, C. O., &S. G. Knight. 1952. Carbon dioxide fixation into amino acids ofPenicillium chrysogenum. Jour. Bact.64: 223–231.
Glen-Bott, J. I. 1955. OnHelicodendron tubulosum and some similar species. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.38: 17–30.
Goddard, D. R. 1935. The reversible heat situation inducing germination and increased respiration in the ascospores ofNeurospora. Jour. Gen. Physiol.19: 45–60.
————— 1939. The reversible heat activation of respiration inNeurospora. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.7: 362–376.
—————. 1938. Respiratory block in the dormant spores ofNeurospora tetrasperma. Plant Physiol.13: 241–264.
Goddard, H. N. 1913. Can fungi living in agricultural soils accumulate free nitrogen? Bot. Gaz.56: 249–305.
Gold, S. 1959. Distribution of some lignicolous Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti in an estuary. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc.75: 25–28.
Golding, N. S. 1937. The gas requirements of molds. I. A preliminary report on the gas requirements ofPenicillium roqueforti. Jour. Dairy Sci.20: 319–343.
————— 1940a. The gas requirements of molds. II. The oxygen requirements ofPenicillium roqueforti in the presence of nitrogen and the absence of carbon dioxide. Jour. Dairy Sci.23: 879–889.
————— 1940b. The gas requirements of molds. III. The effect of various concentrations of carbon dioxide on the growth ofPenicillium roqueforti in air. Jour. Dairy Sci.23: 891–898.
-----. 1940c. Blue-veined cheese (Roquefort type) ripened in cans under gascontrolled conditions. Proc. Western Div., Amer. Dairy Sci. Ass., 26th Ann. Meet. 1940, pp. 44–47.
————— 1945. The gas requirements of molds. IV. A preliminary interpretation of the growth rates of four common mold cultures on the basis of absorbed gases. Jour. Dairy Sci.28: 737–750.
Golueke, C. G. 1957. Comparative studies of the physiology ofSapromyces and related genera. Jour. Bact.74: 337–343.
Gottschalk, A. 1926. Biochemische Synthese von Fumarsaure und Brenztraubsaure. Zeitschr. Physiol. Chem.152: 136–145.
Gove, P. B. (Ed.). 1961. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary. G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, Mass., pp. 56a, 2662.
Grabbe, K. 1963. [Products of heterotrophic CO2 fixation by various microorganisms.] Zentralbl. Bakt. I.191: 211–216.
Grainger, J. 1947. The ecology ofErysiphe graminis DC. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.31: 54–65.
Green, E. 1930. Observations on certain Ascobolaceae. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.15: 321–322.
Griffin, D. H. 1965. The interaction of hydrogen ion, carbon dioxide, and potassium ions in controlling the formation of resistant sporangia inBlastocladiella emersonii. Jour. Gen. Microbiol.40: 13–28.
Grosser, A. H., H. Kundtner-Schwarzkopf, &K. Bernhauer. 1950. Influence of cultivation conditions on pigment formation byPenicillium strains. Arch. Mikrobiol.15: 247–252.
Grune, W. N. 1965. Automation of sludge digester operation. Jour. Water Poll. Control Federation37: 353–380.
Gundersen, K. 1961.Fomes annosus under reduced oxygen pressure and the effect of carbon dioxide. Nature190: 649.
Gunner, H. B., &M. Alexander. 1964. Anaerobic growth ofFusarium oxysporum. Jour. Bact.87: 1309–1311.
Gyorgy, P. 1954. Biotin.In: “The Vitamins,” ed. by W. H. Sebrell, Jr., and R. S. Harris, Academic Press, New York,1, pp. 527–588.
Halden, W. 1934. The fat and lipoid metabolism of yeasts. III. Sterol and fat enrichment in bottom brewer’s yeast. Zeitschr. Physiol. Chem.225: 249–272.
Hall, I. C. 1922. Differentiation and identification of the sporulating anaerobes. Jour. Infec. Dis.30: 445–504.
————— 1928. Anaerobiosis.In: “The Newer Knowledge of Bacteriology and Immunology,” ed. by E. O. Jordan and I. S. Falk, Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, Chapter 13.
————— 1929. A review of the development and application of physical and chemical principles in the cultivation of obligately anaerobic bacteria. Jour. Bact.17: 255–301.
Hampson, C. R. 1954. Sporulation capacity ofCoccidioides immitis affected by cultural conditions. Jour. Bact.67: 739–740.
Harley, J. L. 1959. The biology of mycorrhiza. Leonard Hall (Books) Ltd., London, 233 pp.
Harris, J. O. 1953. The effect of CO2 on oxygen uptake by “resting” bacteria. (Abstr.) Bact. Proc. 1953: 90.
Hart, H. 1926. Factors affecting the development of flax rust,Melampsora lini (Pers.) Lev. Phytopathology16: 185–205.
Haskins, R. H., &W. H. Weston, Jr. 1950. Studies in the lower Chytridiales. I. Factors affecting pigmentation, growth and metabolism of a strain ofKarlingia (Rhizophlyctis) rosea. Amer. Jour. Bot.37: 739–750.
Hawker, L. E. 1950. Physiology of fungi. Univ. London Press, London, xvi + 360 pp.
————— 1957. The physiology of reproduction in fungi. Cambridge Univ. Press, London & New York, viii + 128 pp.
————— 1966. Environmental influences on reproduction.In: “The Fungi,” ed. by G. C. Ainsworth and A. S. Sussman, Vol.II, pp. 435–469.
—————. 1951. A re-investigation of the root-nodules ofElaeagnus, Hippophae, Alnus, andMyrica with special reference to the morphology and life histories of the causative organisms. Jour. Gen. Microbiol.5: 369–386.
Heath, E. C., D. Nasser, &H. Koffler. 1956. Biochemistry of filamentous fungi. III. Alternate routes for the breakdown of glucose byFusarium lini. Arch. Biochem. & Biophys.64: 80–87.
Heinze, B. H. 1906. Sind Pilze imstande, den elementaren Stickstoff der Luft zu verarbeiten und den Boden an Gesamtstickstoff anzureichern. Ann. Mycol.4: 41–61.
Heller, H. H. 1921. Principles concerning the isolation of anaerobic studies in pathogenic anaerobes, II. Jour. Bact.6: 445–470.
Hemmi, T., &T. Abe. 1928. An outline of the investigations on the seed and seedling rot of rice caused by a water moldAchlya prolifera. Japanese Jour. Bot.4: 113–123.
Henry, B. W., &A. L. Anderson. 1948. Sporulation byPiricularia oryzae. Phytopathology38: 265–278.
Heplar, J. Q., &E. L. Tatum. 1954. Some factors affecting carbon dioxide metabolism inNeurospora crassa. Jour. Biol. Chem.208: 489–494.
Hes, J. W. 1938. Function of carbon dioxide in the metabolism of heterotrophic cells. Nature141: 647.
Hiltner, L. 1904. Die Bindung von freien Stickstoff durch das Zusammenwirken von Schizomyceten und von Eumyceten mit höheren Pflanzen.In: “Handbuch der technischen Mykologie,” ed. by F. Lafar, Gustav Fischer, Jena,3: 24–70.
Hodson, A. Z. 1949. Oleic acid interference in theNeurospora crassa assay for biotin. Jour. Biol. Chem.179: 49–52.
Hofmann, H. 1930. Influence of carbon dioxide on fermentation by yeast. Wochenschr. Brau.47: 228–230.
Hollis, J. P. 1948. Oxygen and carbon dioxide relations ofFusarium oxysporum Schlecht. andFusarium eumartii Carp. Phytopathology38: 761–775.
Huelin, F. E., &C. G. Tindale. 1947. The gas storage of Victorian apples. Jour. Dep. Agr. Victoria45(2): 74–80.
Hull, R. 1939.Byssochlamys fulva and its eradication from preserved fruit. Ann. Appl. Biol.26: 800–822.
Husain, S. M., &S. H. Z. Naqui, 1959. Effect of gases on the germination ofAlternaria tenuissima. Scientist (Pakistan)3(2–3): 39–42.
Imschenezki, A. A. 1959. Mikrobiologie der Cellulose. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, p. 168.
Ingold, C. T. 1961. The biology of fungi. Hutchinson Educational Ltd., London, 124 pp.
—————. 1964. Stimulation of spore discharge inSordaria by carbon dioxide. Ann. Bot. (London) N.S.28: 325–329.
Ingraham, J. L., &R. Emerson. 1954. The nutrition and metabolism of the aquatic Phycomycete,Allomyces. Amer. Jour. Bot.41: 146–152.
Ishikura, T., &J. W. Foster. 1961. Incorporation of molecular oxygen during microbial utilization of olefins. Nature192: 892–893.
Ivanov, N. N. 1935. Biochemical production of citric acid. Proc. Inst. Res. Food Ind.3(1): 3–4.
————— 1936. Biochemical production of citric acid. Proc. Inst. Sci. Res. Food Ind.3(4,5): 7–167.
Jeffreys, E. G., P. W. Brian, H. G. Hemming, &D. Lowe. 1953. Antibiotic production by the microfungi of the acid heath soils. Jour. Gen. Microbiol.9: 314–341.
Jennison, M. W., M. D. Newcomb, &R. Henderson. 1955. Physiology of the wood-rotting Basidiomycetes. I. Growth and nutrition in submerged culture in synthetic media. Mycologia47: 275–304.
Jenny, J. 1941. The scientific basis of storing sweet must under carbon dioxide pressure. The absorption capacity of juice for CO2. III. Landw. Jahrb. Schweiz.55: 623–656.
Jones, E. S. 1922. Relation of temperature, soil moisture and oxygen to the germination of the spore ofUstilago avenae. (Abstr.) Phytopathology12: 45.
————— 1923. Influence of temperature, moisture and oxygen on spore germination ofUstilago avenae. Jour. Agr. Res.24: 577–591.
Kadelbach, E. 1931. Über Saureresistentz und Rassenbildung beiAspergillus niger. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.75: 399–438.
Karow, E. O., &S. Waksman. 1947. Production of citric acid in submerged culture. Ind. Eng. Chem.39: 821–825.
Karsner, H. T., &O. Saphir. 1926. Influence of high partial pressures of oxygen and the growth of certain molds. Jour. Infec. Dis.39: 231–236.
Kempner, W. 1939. The role of oxygen tension in biological oxidation. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.7: 264–289.
Klaus, H. 1941. Untersuchungen uberAlternaria solani Jones & Grout, Insbesondere uber seine Pathogenität an Kartoffelknollen in Abhangigkeit von den Aussenfaktoren. Phytopath. Zeitschr.13: 126–195.
Klebs, G. 1900. Zur Physiologie der Fortplanzung einiger Pilze. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.35: 80–203.
Klein, H. P. 1951. Relation of coenzyme A to steroid and total lipid synthesis in yeast. (Abstr.) Fed. Proc.10: 209.
Kleinzeller, A. 1941. The formation of succinic acid in yeast. Biochem. Jour.35: 495–501.
Klinger, I. J., &K. Guggenheim. 1935. The influence of vitamin C on the growth of anaerobes in the presence of air. Jour. Bact.35: 141–156.
Klotz, L. J. 1923. Studies in the physiology of the fungi. XVI. Some aspects of nitrogen metabolism in fungi. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.10: 299–368.
—————. 1962. A method for determining the oxygen requirement on fungi in liquid media. Plant Dis. Rep.46: 606–608.
—————, —————, & —————. 1963. Oxygen requirement of three wood-rotting fungi in a liquid medium. Phytopathology53: 302–305.
—————, —————, —————. 1964. Rate of oxygen supply and distribution of wood-rotting fungi in soils. Soil Sci.99: 200–204.
Kluyver, A. J. 1940. Microbial metabolism and its significance to the microbiologist. Proc. 3rd Int. Congr. Microbiol., New York, p. 73.
—————. 1933. Methods for the study of the metabolism of molds. Biochem. Zeitschr.266: 68–81.
Knorr, M. 1923. Ergebnisse neurer Arbeiten über krankheitserrengende Anaerobien. I. Teil. Krankheitserregende anaerobe Sporenbildner, ausschliesslich Tetanus und Botulinus. Zentralbl. Gesam. Hyg.4: 81–100, 161–180.
————— 1924. Ergebnisse neurer Arbeiten über krankheitserrengende Anaerobien. II. Teil, 1:Botulismus. Zentralbl. Gesam. Hyg.7: 161–171, 241–253.
Koch, A. 1904. Die Bindung von freien Stickstoff durch frei Lebende niedere Organismen.In: “Handbuch der technischen Mykologie,” ed. by F. Lafar, Gustav Fischer, Jena,3: 1–23.
Koch, R. 1933. Growth of yeast and oxygen deficiency. Wochenschr. Brau.50: 169–172.
Koffler, H., R. L. Emerson, D. Perlman, &H. R. Burris. 1945. Chemical changes in submerged penicillin fermentations. Jour. Bact.50: 517–548.
Koser, S. A., M. H. Wright, &A. Dorfman. 1942. Aspartic acid as a partial substitute for the growth stimulating effect of biotin onTorula cremoris. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.51: 204–205.
Krause, A. W. 1930. Untersuchungen uber den Einfluss der Ernahrung, Belichtung und Temperatur auf die Perithecienproduktion einiger Hypocreaceen. Beitrag zur Kulturmethodik einiger Parasitarer und saprophytischer Pilze. Zeitschr. Parasitenk.2: 419–476.
Krebs, H. A. 1951. The use of ‘CO2 buffers’ in manometric measurements of cell metabolism. Biochem. Jour. (London)48: 349–359.
Kuhn, F. 1938. [The methods for growth measurement for fungi and their influence of different gas pressures.] Zentralbl. Bakt. II.98: 430–444.
Kuster, E. 1913. Kultur des Mikroorganismen. B. G. Teubner, Leipzig.
Lafar, F. 1906. Die Essigsäuregärung. Handbuch der technischen Mykologie5: 539–632.
Lambert, E. B. 1933. Effect of excess carbon dioxide on growing mushrooms. Jour. Agr. Res.47: 599–608.
—————. 1934. Distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide in mushroom compost heaps as affecting microbial thermogenesis, acidity and moisture therein. Jour. Agr. Res.48: 587–601.
Latham, M. E. 1909. Nitrogen assimilation ofSterigmatocystis nigra and the effect of chemical stimulation. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club36: 235–244.
Leonian, L. H. 1924. A study of factors promoting pycnidium formation in some Sphaeropsidales. Amer. Jour. Bot.11: 19–50.
Lesage, P. 1895. Recherches expérimentales sur la germination des spores duPenicillium glaucum. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 8e Sér.,1: 309–322.
Lewis, K. F., &S. Weinhaus. 1951. Assimilation of carbon dioxide in oxalate and citrate byAspergillus niger. Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc.73: 2906–2909.
Lieberman, S. 1956. Carbon dioxide assimilation into organic acids byPenicillium chrysogenum. Diss. Abstr.16: 646.
Lilly, V. G., &H. L. Barnett. 1951. Physiology of the fungi. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, xii + 464 pp.
Lin, C. K. 1940. Germination of the conidia ofSclerotinia fructicola, with special reference to the toxicity of copper. New York Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem.233: 3–33.
Littlefield, N. A., B. A. Wankier, &D. K. Salunkhe, &J. N. McGill. 1966. Fungistatic effects of controlled atmospheres. Appl. Microbiol.14(4): 579–581.
Lockwood, L. B., J. J. Stubbs, &C. J. Senseman. 1938. Biochemical studies of some fusaria. Zentralbl. Bakt. II98: 167–171.
—————. 1936. Physiology ofRhizopus oryzae. Jour. Agr. Res.53: 849–857.
Löhnis, M. P. 1943. Are pellicle forming yeasts able to assimilate elemental nitrogen? Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Jour. Microbiol. Serol.9: 133–142.
Lones, C. W., &C. L. Peacock. 1960. Role of carbon dioxide in the dimorphism ofCoccidioides immitis. Jour. Bact.79: 308–309.
Long, T. J. 1962. The effects of chloramphenicol and 8-azaguanine on normal and abnormal sporocarp development in the mushroomCollybia velutipes. (Abstr.) Amer. Jour. Bot.49: 655.
Longree, K. 1939. The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the powdery mildew of roses. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem.223: 1–43.
Lopriore, G. 1895. Uber die Einwirkung der Kohlensäure auf das Protoplasma der lebenden Pflanzenzelle. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.28: 531–626.
Louvet, J., &J. Bulit. 1963. The role played by carbon dioxide in the ecology ofSclerotinia minor andFusarium oxysporum f.melonis. Ann. Inst. Pasteur105: 242–256.
Lund, A. 1934. Studies on Danish fresh water Phycomycetes and notes on their occurrence particularly relative to the hydrogen ion concentration of the water. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selskabs Skrift., Naturv. Math. Afd. Ser. 9,6: 1–97.
Lundegardth, H. 1923. Significance of carbon dioxide content and hydrogen ion concentration of the soil for the growth of Fusaria. Bot. Notiser1923: 25–52.
Luteraan, P. J. 1954. The improvement in growth and nitrate utilization ofHansenula caused by small amounts of ammonium salts. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)238: 1729–1731.
—————. 1949. Diverse morphological and physiological reactions of fungi produced by the action of oxygen. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)228: 338–340.
Lynch, V. H., &M. Calvin. 1952. Carbon dioxide fixation by microorganisms. Jour. Bact.63: 525–531.
Macy, H. 1929. Factors influencing the growth of molds in butter. Minn. Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull.64: 1–86.
Mader, E. O. 1943. Some factors inhibiting the fructification and production of the cultivated mushroom,Agaricus campestris L. Phytopathology33: 1133–1145.
Magie, R. O. 1935. Variability of monospore cultures ofCoccomyces hiemalis. Phytopathology25: 131–159.
Mandels, G. R., &A. B. Norton. 1948. Studies on the physiology of spores of the cellulolytic fungusMyrothecium verrucaria. Quartermaster Gen. Lab., Microbiol. Ser., Res. Rep.12: 1–35.
—————, & —————. 1949. The invertase ofMyrothecium verrucaria spores; its location, synthesis and secretion. Quartermaster Gen. Lab., Microbiol. Ser., Res. Rep.12: 1–35.
Maneval, W. E. 1922. Germination of teliospores of rusts at Columbia, Missouri. Phytopathology12: 471–488.
————— 1924. The viability of uredospores. Phytopathology14: 403–407.
Mann, M. L. 1932. Calcium and magnesium requirements ofAspergillus niger. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club59: 443–490.
Mariat, F. 1960. The effect of CO2 on the growth ofSporotrichum schenckii. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)250: 3503–3505.
Martin, S. M. 1954. Succinoxidase system inAspergillus niger. Can. Jour. Microbiol.1: 6–11.
-----, &P. W. Wilson. 1949. Assimilation of CO2 in citric acid production byAspergillus niger. (Abstr.) Soc. Amer. Bact., 49th Gen. Meeting, pp. 45–46.
—————, —————. 1950. Citric acid formation from C14O2 byAspergillus niger. Arch Biochem.26: 103–111.
—————, & —————. 1951. Uptake of C14O2 byAspergillus niger in the formation of citric acid. Arch. Biochem. & Biophys.32: 150–157.
Massart, L. 1936. Oxygen pressure and cytochrome. Arch. Int. Pharmacodynamie53: 562–568.
————— 1938. The influence of increased oxygen tension on the respiration and fermentation of yeast. Arch. Int. Pharmacodynamie60: 48–55.
Matkovics, P. 1960. Extreme values of atmospheric nitrogen fixation in yeasts isolated from root nodules ofLupinus luteus. Naturwissenschafften47: 92.
Matsumoto, T. 1921. Studies on the physiology of fungi. III. Physiological specialization inRhizoctonia solani Kühn. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.8: 1–62.
McClung, L. S. 1940. The use of dehydrated thioglycollate medium in the enrichment of spore-forming anaerobic bacteria. Jour. Bact.40: 645–648.
—————. 1941. The anaerobic bacteria and their activities in nature and disease: a subject bibliography. Suppl. 1: Literature for 1938 & 1939. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, xxii + 244 pp.
McCoy, E., E. B. Fred, W. H. Paterson, &E. G. Hastings. 1926 A cultural study of the acetone butyl alcohol organism. Jour. Infec. Dis.39: 457–483.
—————, —————, —————, & —————. 1930. A cultural study of certain anaerobic butyric acid forming bacteria. Jour. Infec. Dis.46: 118–137.
—————. 1939. The anaerobic bacteria and their activities in nature and disease: a subject bibliography. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, Vol. 1, xxiii + 295 pp; Vol. 2, xi + 602 pp.
McCrea, A. 1931. Reaction ofClaviceps purpurea to variation of environment. Amer. Jour. Bot.18: 50–78.
McIntosh, J. 1917. The classification and study of anaerobic bacteria of war wounds, Great Britain. Med. Res. Council, Spec. Rep. Ser.12: 1–58.
McKinney, R. E. 1962. Microbiology for sanitary engineers. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, xiv + 293 pp.
McNutt, W. S., Jr. 1954. The direct contribution of adenine to the biogenesis of riboflavine byEremothecium ashbyii. Jour. Biol. Chem.210: 511–519.
McVikar, D. L. 1942. The light controlled diurnal rhythm of asexual reproduction inPilobolus. Amer. Jour. Bot.29: 372–380.
Melhus, I. E., &L. W. Durrell. 1919. Studies on the crown rust of oats. Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull.49: 114–144.
Mel’nikova, A. A., &W. Butkevich. 1939. Biochemical formation of oxalic acid from sugar. Mikrobiologiya8: 818–826.
Merzhanian, A. A., &E. M. Kozenko. 1957. Adsorption of carbon dioxide by wineyeast dispersions. Trudy Krasnodar. Inst. Pischevoi Prom.9: 51–54.
Metcalfe, G., &S. Chayen. 1954. Nitrogen fixation by soil yeasts. Nature174: 841–842.
Meyer, K. F. 1928. Botulismus.In: “Handbuch der pathogene Mikroorganismen,’ ed. by W. Kolle, R. Krause, & P. Uhlenhuth, 3 Aufl.,4: 1269–2364.
Miller, D. D., &N. S. Golding. 1949. The gas requirements of molds: V. THe minimum oxygen requirements for normal growth and for germination of six mold cultures. Jour. Dairy Sci.32: 101–110.
Miller, J. J. 1959. A comparison of the sporulation physiology of yeast and aerobic bacteria. Wallerstein Lab. Comm.22: 267–283.
Minden, M. Von. 1916. Beiträge zur Biologie und Systematik einheimischer submerser Phycomyceten. Mykolog. Untersuch. Berichte (ed. by Falck)2: 146–255.
Mitchell, R., &A. Alexander. 1962. Microbiological changes in flooded soils. Soil Sci.93: 413–419.
Moore, E. J. 1937. Carbon and oxygen requirements of the cotton root-rot organismPhymatotrichum omnivorum in culture. Phytopathology27: 918–930.
Moran, T., E. C. Smith, &R. G. Tomkins. 1932. The inhibition of mold growth on meat by carbon dioxide. Jour. Soc. Chem. Ind.51: 114–116.
Morton, A. G. 1961. The induction of sporulation in mold fungi. Proc. Roy. Soc. B153: 548–569.
Mosback, E. H., E. F. Phares &S. F. Carson. 1952. The role of one-carbon compounds in citric acid synthesis. Arch. Biochem. & Biophys.35: 435–442.
Neal, D. C., &R. E. Wester. 1932. Effects of anaerobic conditions on the growth of the cotton rot fungusPhymatotrichum omnivorum. Phytopathology22: 917–920.
Negroni, P. 1944. Estudios sobre la Penicilina. I. Influencia de algunas factores fisicos y químícas. Rev. Inst. Bacteriol. “Carlos G. Malbran” (Buenos Aires)12: 299–308.
Neilson-Jones, W., &M. L. Smith. 1928. On the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen byPhoma radicis callunae, including a new method for investigating nitrogenfixation by microorganisms. Brit. Jour. Exp. Biol.6: 168–189.
Nemeth, G. 1959. A new nitrogen-fixing organism producing a red pigment. Nature183: 1460.
Newcombe, M. 1960. Some effects of water and anaerobic conditions onFusarium oxysporum f.cubense in soil. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.43: 51–59.
Niederpruem, D. J. 1963. Role of carbon dioxide in the control of fruiting ofSchizophyllum commune. Jour. Bact.85: 1300–1308.
Noble, E. P., D. R. Reed, &C. H. Wang. 1958. Utilization of acetate, pyruvate, and carbon dioxide byPenicillium digitatum. Can. Jour. Microbiol4: 469–476.
Noble, R. J. 1923. Studies onUrocystis tritici Koern, the organism causing flag smut of wheat. Phytopathology13: 127–139.
Nord, F. F. &L. J. Sciarini. 1946. The mechanisms of enzyme action. XXVII. The action of certain wood destroying fungi on glucose, xylose, raffinose and cellulose. Arch. Biochem.9: 419–437.
Novelli, G. D., &F. L. Lipmann. 1950. The catalytic function of coenzyme A in citric acid synthesis. Jour. Biol. Chem.182: 213–228.
Ochoa, S. 1945. Isocitric dehydrogenase and carbon dioxide fixation. Jour. Biol. Chem.159: 243–244.
Ogston, A. G. 1948. Interpretation of experiments on metabolic processes using isotopic tracer elements. Nature162: 963.
Olson, J. A. 1954. The d-isocitric lyase system: the formation of glyoxylic and succinic acids from d-isocitric acid. Nature174: 695–696.
Orland, H. P. (ed.) 1965. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 12th Ed.. Amer. Publ. Health Assoc., New York, xxxi + 769 pp.
Ough, C. S., &M. A. Amerino. 1958. Aldehyde production under pressure, oxygen and agitation. Amer. Jour. Enology9: 111–122.
Oyaas, J., M. J. Johnson, W. H. Peterson, &R. Irvin. 1948. Effect of oxygen or retention of activity by commercial dried baker’s yeast. Ind. Eng. Chem.40: 280–283.
Papavizas, G. C., &C. V. Davey. 1962. Activity ofRhizoctonia in soil as affected by carbon dioxide. Phytopathology52: 754–766.
Pardee, A. B. 1949. Measurement of oxygen uptake under controlled pressure of carbon dioxide. Jour. Biol. Chem.179: 1085–1091.
Park, D. 1961. Isolation ofFusarium oxysporum from soils. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.44: 119–122.
Parker, C. A. 1955. Anaerobiosis with iron wool. Australian Jour. Exp. Biol.33: 33–38.
Pasteur, L. 1879. Studies on fermentation. MacMillan & Co., London, xvi + 418 pp.
Pennington, L. H. 1908. Can fusaria assimilate free nitrogen? (Abstr.) Mich. Acad. Sci. 10th Ann. Rep.
————— 1911. Upon assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by fungi. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club38: 135–139.
Perlman, D. 1948. The nutrition ofMennoniella echinata andStachybotrys atra. Amer. Jour. Bot.35: 36–41.
Peterson, A., V. Schlegel, B. Hummel, L. S. Cuendet, W. F. Geddes, &C. M. Christensen. 1956. Grain-storage studies. XXII. Influence of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations on mold growth and grain determioration. Cereal Chem.33: 53–66.
Pine, L. 1954. Studies on the growth ofHistoplasma capsulatum. I. Growth of the yeast phase in liquid media. Jour. Bact.68: 671–679.
Plantefol, L. 1935a. Effect of oxygen tension on the gas exchange of yeast. Fermentation proper in yeast. Ann. Physiol. Physicochem. Biol.11: 243–261.
————— 1935b. The effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on the cellular oxidations of yeast. Ann. Physiol. Physicochem. Biol.11: 32–53.
Platz, G. A. 1928. The relation of oxygen to the germination of the chlamydospores ofUstilago zeae (Beck.) Unger. Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci.2: 137–144.
—————. 1927. Effect of carbon dioxide upon the germination of chlamydospores ofUstilago zeae (Beckm.) Ung. Jour. Agr. Res.34: 137–147.
Plaut, G. W. E. 1954. Biosynthesis of riboflavine. I. Incorporation of C14-labeled compounds into rings B and C. Jour. Biol. Chem.208: 513–520.
Plunkett, B. E. 1954. The aeration complex of factors and fruit-body formation in pure cultures of Hymenomycetes. VIII Congr. Int. Bot., Paris, Rapp. & Comm. Sec. 18–20, pp. 101–102.
————— 1956. The influence of factors of the secretion complex and light upon fruit body formation in pure cultures of an agaric and a polypore. Ann. Bot. (London) N.S.20: 563–586.
Polonovski, M. 1947. Initial steps in biogenesis of organic compounds. Exposés Ann. Biochem. Méd.7: 267–285.
Porodko, T. 1904. Studien uber den Einfluss der Sauerstoffspannung auf pflanzliche Microorganismen. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.41: 1–64.
Preston, A., &E. I. McLennan. 1948. The use of drugs in culture media for distinguishing between brown and white wood-rotting fungi. Amer. Jour. Bot.12: 53–64.
Puriewitsch, K. 1895. Uber die Stickstoffassimilation bei den Schimmelpilzen. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.13: 342–348.
Ramakrishnan, C. V. 1954. Tricarboxylic acid cycle inAspergillus niger. Enzymologia17: 169–174.
—————. 1954 Enzymic synthesis of citric acid by cell-free extracts ofAspergillus niger. Can. Jour. Biochem. & Physiol.32: 434–439.
—————, & —————. 1955. Isocitric dehydrogenase inAspergillus niger. Arch. Biochem. & Biophys.55: 403–407.
Ranzoni, F. V. 1951. Nutrient requirements for two species of aquatic Hyphomycetes. Mycologia53 (2): 130–141.
Paper, K. 1962. General methods for preserving cultures. In: “Culture Collections: Perspectives and Problems,” ed. by S. M. Martin, Proc. Specialists Conf. Culture Coll., Ottawa, Canada; Univ. Toronto Press, 221 pp. (pp. 81–93.)
Rayner, M. C. 1922. Nitrogen fixation in Ericaceae. Bot. Gaz.73: 226–235.
-----. 1927. Mycorrhiza. New Phytol., Reprint 15.
————— 1929. Biology of fungus infection in the genusVaccinium. Ann. Bot. (London)43: 55–70.
Reed, G. B., &J. H. Orr. 1941. Rapid identification of gas gangrene anaerobes. War Medicine1: 493–510.
Reed, H. S., & C. H. Crabill. 1915. The cedar rust diseases of apples caused byGymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Schw. Virginia Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. No. 9, 106 pp.
Reyes, R. J., &J. R. Neville. 1963. Cellular oxygen consumption at low oxygen tensions. Aerospace Med.34: 1103–1106.
Rippel, A., &H. Bortels. 1927. Vorlaufige Über die allgemeine Bedeutung der Kohlensaure für die Pflanzenzelle. (Versuche anAspergillus niger.) (Preliminary report on the general significance of carbon dioxide for the plant cell. [Experiments onAspergillus niger.]) Biochem. Zeitschr.184: 237–244.
—————, 1930. Action of carbon dioxide on heterotrophs. Arch. Mikrobiol.1:119–136.
Robbins, W. J. 1937. The assimilation by plants of various forms of nitrogen. Amer. Jour. Bot.24: 243–250.
Roberg, M. 1932. Assimilation of nitrogen byAspergillus. Zentralbl. Bakt. II.86: 466–479.
Roberts, E. R., &T. G. G. Wilson. 1954. Nitrogen fixation by soil yeasts. Nature174: 842.
Robertson, N. F. 1958. Observation on the effect of water on the hyphal apices ofFusarium oxysporum. Ann. Bot. (London) N.S.22: 159–173.
Robinson, W. 1926. The conditions of growth and development ofPyronema confluens Tul. (P. omphalodes [Bull.] Fckl.). Ann. Bot. (London) N.S.40: 245–272.
Rockwell, E., &J. H. Highberger. 1927. The necessity of carbon dioxide for the growth of bacteria, yeasts and molds. Jour. Infec. Dis.40: 438–446.
Romano, A. H. 1966. Dimorphism. In: “The Fungi,” ed. by G. C. Ainsworth and A. S. Sussman, Vol. II., pp. 181–209.
Rotini, O. T., E. Dammann, &F. F. Nord. 1936. Mechanism of the enzyme action. XIV. Dehydrogenation byFusarium lini Bolley. Biochem. Zeitschr.288: 414–420.
Ruyle, E. H., W. E. Pearce, &G. L. Hays. 1946. Prevention of mold in kettled blue berries in No. 10 cans. Food Research11: 274–279.
Saida, K. 1901. Uber die Assimilation freien Stickstoffs durch Schimmelpilze. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.19: 107–115.
Saito, K. 1911. Production of lactic acid by molds. Centralbl. Bakt. II.29: 289–290.
Sakaguchi, K., &T. Inoue. 1940. Formation of ethylene oxide-α, β-dicarboxylic acid by molds. Jour. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan16: 1015–1016.
Salvin, S. B. 1949. Cysteine and related compounds in the growth of the yeast-like phase ofHistoplasma capsulatum. Jour. Infec. Dis.84: 275–283.
Sartory, A., R. Sartory, &J. Meyer. 1936. Effect of pressure or partial vacuum on the biochemical behaviour of some lower fungi. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)203: 1289–1291.
Schaffnit, E. 1926. Zur Physiologie vonUstilago hordei Kell. u. Sur. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.44: 151–156.
Schanderl, H. 1942a. Elementary atmospheric nitrogen in the nitrogen economy of yeast. Wochenschr. Brau.59: 59–61.
————— 1942b. Assimilation of elemental nitrogen of the air by the yeast symbionts ofRhagium inquisitor. Zeitschr. Morphol. & Ökol. Tiere38: 526–533.
Scheffer, E., &E. Kuster. 1950. Investigations of nitrogen fixation by film-forming yeast. Zeitschr. Pflanzenernähr., Düngung, Bodenkunde51: 224–228.
Scheffer, T. C., &B. E. Livingston. 1937. Relation of oxygen pressure and temperature to growth and carbon dioxide production in the fungusPolystictus versicolor. Amer. Jour. Bot.24: 109–119.
Schelhorn, M. von. 1951. Control of microorganisms causing spoilage in fruit and vegetable products. Advances in Food Research3: 429–482.
Schlegel, N. G. 1963. Carbon dioxide in the metabolism of microorganisms. Zentralbl. Bakt. I. Orig.191: 177–190.
Schmidt, L. H. 1935. The phospholipid content of liver, skeletal muscle and whole blood as affected by thyroxine injections. Amer. Jour. Physiol.111: 138–144.
Schober, R. 1930. Luftstickstoffassimilation und saurebildung beiAspergillus niger. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.72: 1–105.
Schormueller, J. 1964. CO2 fixation byPenicillium camemberti var.candidum. Nahrung8: 1–11.
—————. 1961. Metabolism tests of microorganisms significant in food technology. IV. Carbon dioxide in metabolism ofPenicillium camemberti var.candidum. Zeitschr. Lebensm.-Untersuch. & -Forsch.115: 539–544.
Schroder, M. 1931. The fixation of atmospheric nitrogen byAspergillus niger. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.75: 377–398.
Senn, G. 1928. The assimilation of the molecular nitrogen of the air by lower plants, especially by fungi. Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philos. Soc.3: 77–91.
Sereni, D. R. 1931. Stimulating action of carbon dioxide on the germination of the spores ofDeuterophoma tracheiphyla. Boll. R. Staz. Patol. Veg. (Roma), N.S.11: 143–151.
Sherwood, R. T., &D. J. Hagedorn. 1961. Effect of O2 tension on growth ofAphanomyces euteiches. Phytopathology51: 492–493.
Shibata, K., &H. Tamiya. 1930. [The meaning of the cytochromes in the physiology of cell respiration.] Acta Phytochim. (Japan)5: 23–97.
Shu, P. 1953. Oxygen uptake in shake flask fermentations. Jour. Agr. Food Chem.1: 1119–1123.
—————. 1948. Citric acid production by submerged fermentation withAspergillus. Ind. Eng. Chem.40: 1202–1205.
Sibilia, C. 1928. Ricerche sulle ruggini dei cereali. Boll. R. Staz. Patol. Veg. (Roma), N.S.88: 235–247.
Siepmann, R., &T. W. Johnson, Jr. 1960. Isolation and culture of fungi from wood submerged in saline and fresh waters. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc.76: 150–154.
Skinner, C. E., C. W. Emmons, &H. M. Tsuchiya. 1947. Henrici’s molds, yeasts, and actinomycetes. Ed. 2. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, xiv + 409 pp.
Skovholt, O. 1933. The influence of humidity and carbon dioxide upon the development of molds in bread. Cereal Chem.101: 446–451.
Smedley-McLean, I., &D. Hoffert. 1926. Carbohydrate and fat metabolism of yeast. III. Nature of intermediate stages. Biochem. Jour.20: 343–357.
Smith, G. 1946. An introduction to industrial mycology. 3rd ed. Edward Arnold and Co., London, xiv + 271 pp.
Snell, E. E. 1951. Bacterial nutrition—chemical factors.In: “Bacterial Physiology,” ed. by C. H. Werkman & P. W. Wilson, Academic Press, New York, pp. 214–255.
Snell, W. H., &E. A. Dick. 1957. A glossary of mycology. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, xxxi + 171 pp.
Snider, P. J. 1959. Stages of development in rhizomorphic thalli ofArmillaria mellea. Mycologia51: 693–707.
Sfray, R. S. 1936. Semisolid media for cultivation and identification of the sporulating anaerobes. Jour. Bact.32: 135–155.
Stanek, M. 1963. [Germination of chlamydospores ofUstilago maydis in the corn rhizosphere.] Ustav Vedeckotech. Inform., Minist. Zemed., Lesn. & Vodn. Hospod. Rostlinná Výroba9: 721–725.
Staples, R. C., &L. H. Weinstein. 1959. Dark carbon dioxide fixation by uredospores of rust fungi. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst.20: 71–82.
Stefaniak, J. J., F. B. Gailey, F. G. Jarvis, &M. J. Johnson. 1946. The effect of environmental conditions on penicillin fermentations withPenicillium chrysogenum. Jour. Bact.52: 119–127.
Steinberg, R. A. 1939. Growth of fungi in synthetic nutrient solutions. Bot. Rev.5: 327–350.
————— 1942. Influence of carbon dioxide in response ofAspergillus niger to trace elements. Plant Physiol.17: 129–132.
————— 1950. Growth of fungi in synthetic nutrient solutions. II. Bot. Rev.16: 208–228.
Stier, T. J. B. 1939. Carbohydrate and lipid assimilation in bakers’ yeast. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.7: 385–393.
—————. 1949. Nutrient limited anaerobic growth of yeast at high temperatures. Jour. Cell. & Comp. Physiol.33: 446–448.
—————, —————. 1950. An all glass apparatus for the continuous cultivation of yeast under anaerobic conditions. Jour. Bact.59: 45–49.
—————, —————. 1950. Edible oils as sources of lipid anaerobic growth factors for distillers’ yeast. Jour. Cell. & Comp. Physiol.36: 159–164.
Stock, T. 1931. Untersuchungen uber Keimung und Keimschlauchwachstum der Uredosporen einiger Getreideroste. Phytopath. Zeitschr.3: 231–239.
Stockhausen, F., &F. Windisch. 1928. Fermentation carbon dioxide. Wochenschr. Brau.45: 277–281, 289–298, 305–311, 317–324, 329–333.
Stoller, B. B. 1952. Abnormal growth and fructification of the cultivated mushroom. Science116: 320–322.
Stoppani, A. O. M., L. Conches, S. L. S. de Favelukes, &F. L. Sacerdote, 1958a. Assimilation of carbon dioxide by yeast. Biochem. Jour.70: 438–455.
—————. 1958b. The function of the citric acid cycle inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Peaceful Uses Atomic Energy (Geneva)25: 12–20.
—————, —————, —————. 1957. Mechanism of carbon dioxide fixation bySaccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. & Biophys. Acta26: 443–445.
Stotzky, G. A. 1960. A simple method for the determination of the respiratory quotient of soils. Can. Jour. Microbiol.6: 439–452.
—————. 1965. Effect of high carbon dioxide and low oxygen tensions on soil microbiota. Can. Jour. Microbiol.11: 853–868.
—————, & —————. 1966. Adaptation of the soil microbiota to high CO2 and low O2 tensions. Can. Jour. Microbiol.12(4): 849–861.
—————, —————. 1962. Microbial changes occurring in soils as a result of storage. Plant & Soil16: 1–19.
—————. 1961. Factors limiting microbial activities in soil I and II. Arch. Microbiol.40: 344–382.
Stover, R. H. 1953. Measurement of colonization and survival of soil fusaria in detached plant tissue. Nature172: 465.
————— 1954. Flood fallowing for eradication ofFusarium oxysporum f.cubense. II. Some factors involved in fungus survival. Soil Sci.77: 401–414.
————— 1955. Flood fallowing for eradication ofFusarium oxysporum f.cubense. III. The effect of oxygen on fungus survival. Soil Sci.80: 397–412.
————— 1958. Studies on Fusarium wild of bananas. II. Some factors influencing survival and saprophytic multiplication ofFusarium oxysporum f.cubense in soil. Can. Jour. Bot.36: 311–324.
————— 1962. Fusarial wilt (Panama disease) of bananas and otherMusa species. Commonwealth Mycol. Inst. Phytopath. Paper4: 1–117.
—————. 1958. Effect of carbon dioxide on multiplication ofFusarium in soil. Nature181: 788–789.
—————. 1953. Flood fallowing for eradication ofFusarium oxysporum f.cubense. I. Effect of flooding on fungus flora of clay worn soils in Ulua Valley, Honduras. Soil Sci.76: 225–238.
—————. 1953. An improved method of isolatingFusarium spp. from plant tissue. Phytopathology43: 700–701.
Strauss, B. S. 1956. The nature of the lesion in the succinate requiring mutants ofNeurospora crassa. Interaction between carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. Jour. Gen. Microbiol.14: 494–511.
————— 1957. Oxalacetic carboxylase deficiency of the succinate requiring mutants ofNeurospora crassa. Jour. Biol. Chem.225: 535–544.
Stuart, B., R. Gerschman, &J. N. Stannard. 1962. Effect of high oxygen tension on potassium retentivity and colony formation of baker’s yeast. Jour. Gen. Physiol.45: 1019–1030.
Sussman, A. S., J. R. Distler, &J. S. Krakow. 1956. Metabolic aspects ofNeurospora activation and germination. Plant Physiol.31: 126–135.
—————. 1966. Spores, their dormancy and germination. Harper & Row Publishers, Inc., New York, xi + 354 pp.
Suzuki, H. 1939. Influence of physical and chemical factors upon the formation of appressoria in the conidia ofPiricularia Oryzae. I. Influence of oxygen. Jap. Jour. Bot.10: 321–324.
Taber, W. A., &L. L. Vining. 1957. A nutritional study of three strains ofClaviceps purpurea. Can. Jour. Microbiol.3: 1–12.
Takahashi, T., &T. Asai. 1932. Gluconic acid fermentation. IV.Bacterium hoshigaki var.Glucuronicum II and III Nov. sp. Jour. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan8: 652–658.
Tamiya, H. 1929a. Metabolism ofAspergillus oryzeae. III. Acta Phytochim. (Japan)4: 227–295.
————— 1929b. Reductase and glutathione in molds. Acta Phytochim. (Japan)4: 297–311.
————— 1932. Physiology of the respiration of molds. I. Theory of the respiratory quotient. Influence of the oxidation-reduction processes upon gas production of the cells. Acta Phytochim. (Japan)6: 227–263.
————— 1942. Atmung, Garung und die sich garan beteiligenden Enzyme vonAspergillus. (The enzymes ofAspergillus responsible for respiration and fermentation.) Advances in Enzymology2: 183–238.
Ternetz, C. 1900. Protoplasma bewegung und Furchtkorperbildung beiAscophanus carneus Pers. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.35: 273–321.
————— 1904. Die Assimilation des atmosphaerischen Stickstoffes durch einen torfbewonenden Pilz. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.22: 267–274.
————— 1907. Ueber die Assimilation des atmosphaerischen Stickstoff durch Pilze. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.44: 353–408.
Terroine, E. F., &R. Bonnet. 1927. Energy of growth. X. Formation of fats at the expense of sugars in microorganisms. Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol.9: 588–596.
Thacker, D. C., &H. M. Good. 1952. The composition of air in trunks of sugar maple in relation to decay. Can. Jour. Bot.30: 475–485.
Thom, C., &J. N. Currie. 1913. The dominance of Roquefort mold in cheese. Jour. Biol. Chem.15: 249–258.
Thornton, N. C. 1934. Carbon dioxide storage. VI. Lowering the acidity of fungal hyphae by treatment with carbon dioxide. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst.6: 395–402.
Tomkins, R. G. 1932a. Measuring the growth of fungi by the Petri dish method. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.11: 150–153.
————— 1932b. The inhibition of the growth of meat-attacking fungi by carbon dioxide. Jour. Soc. Chem. Ind.51: 361–364.
————— 1938. Inhibitory effect of carbon dioxide on the growth of molds. Rep. Food Investig. Board (DSIR, New Zealand)1937: 30–34.
Tomlinson, T. G. 1937. Anaerobic metabolism of the mould fungi in relation to citric acid formation. New Phytol.36: 418–434.
Tove, S. R., H. F. Niss, & P. W. Wilson. 1949. Nitrogen fixation by the fungusPhoma casuarina. Soc. Amer. Bact. 49th Meet. Abstracts, p. 59.
Tremaine, J. H., &J. J. Miller. 1953. Effect of six vitamins on ascospore formation by an isolate of baker’s yeast. Bot. Gaz.115: 311.
Tschesnokov, W. 1932. Der Chemismus der Oxalsäurebildung auf Zuckerkulturen. Mikrobiologiya1: 390–398.
Tschierpe, H. J., &J. W. Sinden. 1964. Weitere Untersuchungen uber die Bedeutung von Kohlendioxyd fur die Fruktifikation des Kulturchampignons,Agaricus campestris var.bisporus (L.) Lge. Arch. Microbiol.49: 405–425.
Umbreit, W. W., R. H. Burris, &J. F. Stauffer, 1957. Manometric techniques. (Third Edition.) Burgess Publishing Co., Minneapolis, 338 pp.
Uppal, B. N. 1924. Spore germination ofPhytophthora infestans. Phytopathology14: 32–33.
————— 1926. Relation of oxygen to spore germination in some species of Peronosporales. Phytopathology16: 285–292.
Utter, M. F., &H. G. Wood. 1951. Mechanisms of fixation of carbon dioxide by heterotrophs and autotrophs. Advances in Enzymology12: 41–151.
Vakil, J. R., &P. K. Battacharyya. 1962. Role of carbon dioxide in citric acid fermentation. II. Effect of carbon dioxide tension on the production of citric acid. Jour. Sci. Ind. Res.21C: 202–206.
—————. 1961. Effect of carbon dioxide on the germination of conidiospores ofAspergillus niger. Arch. Mikrobiol.39: 53–57.
Van Beverwijk, A. L. 1951. Zaleski’s “Clathrosphaera spirifera.” Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.34: 280–290.
Vernon, T. R. 1934. The deterioration of dairy products by moulds. New Zealand Jour. Sci. & Technol.15: 237–247.
Veselov, I. Y., &V. N. Shil. 1959. Growth of yeasts and their fermentation energy in an extended series of transplants with deaerated wort, saturated with carbon dioxide, and with small initial seedings. Trudy Vsesoyuz. Nauch.-Issled. Inst. Pivovar. Prom1959(7): 82–89.
Vladimirskaya, N. N. 1954. Oxygen in germination of resting sporangia ofSynchytrium endobiotica. Mikrobiologiya23: 72–75.
Waid, J. S. 1962. Influence of oxygen upon growth and respiratory behavior of fungi from decomposing rye-grass roots. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.45: 479–487.
Waksman, S. A., &J. W. Foster. 1938. Respiration and lactic acid production by a fungus of the genusRhizopus. Jour. Agr. Res.57: 873–899.
—————. 1937. Lactic acid production of species ofRhizopus. Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc.59: 545–547.
Walker, D. A. 1960. Physiological studies on acid metabolism. VII. Malic enzyme fromKalanchoë irenata: effects of CO2 concentration. Biochem. Jour.74: 216–223.
Wang, Y. 1941. Fumaric acid fermentation by a mold of the genusRhizopus. Jour. Shanghai Sci. Inst. N.S.1: (Abstracts in English, pp. 177–178).
Ward, G. E., L. B. Lockwood, O. E. May, &H. T. Herrick. 1936. Biochemical studies in the genusRhizopus. I. The production of d-lactic acid. Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc.58: 1286–1288.
—————, —————. 1938. Fermentation process for dextrolactic acid. Ind. Eng. Chem.30: 1233–1235.
Ward, H. M. 1887. Illustrations of the structure and life history ofPhytophthora infestans, the fungus causing the potato disease. Quart. Jour. Microscop. Soc. (London)27: 413–425.
Weinberg, M., R. Nativelle, &A. R. Prévot. 1937. Les microbes anaérobies. Masson & Cie., Paris, 1186 pp. (p. 22).
Weimer, J. Le R. 1917. Three cedar apple rust fungi, their life histories, and the diseases they produce. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.390: 509–549.
Werkman, C. H., &H. C. Wood. 1942. Heterotrophic assimilation of carbon dioxide. Advances in Enzymology2: 135–182.
Wildman, J. D. 1944. Laboratory studies on development of mold in cream. Jour. Assoc. Offic. Agr. Chem.24: 183–190.
Wilkins, W. H. 1938. Studies in the genusUstulina with special reference to parasitism. III. Spores—germination and infection. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.22: 47–83.
Will, H. 1921. Einige Mitteilungen über die Beeinflussung des Sporenbildungsvermögens durch das Auftragen der Hefe auf den trockenen Gipsblock. Centralbl. Bakt. II.54: 471–480.
Williams, C. C., E. J. Cameron, &O. B. Williams. 1941. A facultatively anaerobic mold of unusual heat resistance. Food Research6: 69–73.
Williams, J. W. 1938a. The difference in growth of pathogenic fungi with variation of medium and oxygen tension. Jour. Lab. & Clin. Med.24: 39–43.
————— 1938b. Effect of oxygen tension on site of growth of microorganisms, with special reference to pathogenic fungi. (Abstr.) Jour. Bact.35: 9.
————— 1939. Growth of microorganisms in shake cultures under increased oxygen or carbon dioxide tensions. Growth3: 21–33.
Wilson, E. M. 1960. Physiology of an isolate ofFusarium oxysporum f.cubense. Phytopathology50: 607–612.
Wilson, P. M. 1952. The comparative fixation of nitrogen fixation. Advances in Enzymology13: 345–375.
Wilson, P. W. 1951. Biological nitrogen fixation.In: “Bacterial Physiology,” ed. by C. H. Werkman & P. W. Wilson, Academic Press, New York, 707 pp. (pp. 467–499.)
Windisch, F. 1930. Effect of high pressures of CO2 on yeast fermentation. Wochenschr. Brau.47: 82–83.
————— 1932. The importance of oxygen for yeast and for its biochemical functions. Biochem. Zeitschr.246: 332–382.
————— 1933. Effect of oxygen on alcoholic fermentation by yeasts. Ann. Brass. & Distill.31: 257–258.
Winogradsky, S. N. 1900. Recherches sur l’assimilation de l’azote libre de l’atmosphère par les microbes. Archiv. Sci. Biol.8 (4).
————— 1904. Die Nitrification.In: “Handbuch der technischen Mykologie,” ed. by F. Lafar, Gustav Fischer, Jena,3: 132–181.
Winzler, R. J. 1941. The respiration of baker’s yeast at low oxygen tension. Jour. Cell. & Comp. Physiol.17: 263–276.
Witt, I., P. G. Weiler, &H. Holzer. 1964. Increased carbon dioxide fixation by ammonium salts in yeasts oxidizing glucose. Biochem. Zeitschr.339: 331–337.
Wolff, H. 1926. Zur Physiologie der Wurzelpilze vonNeottia nidus-avis Rich. und einigen gruen Orchideen. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.66: 1–34.
————— 1932. Zur Assimilation atmospharischen Stickstoffs durch die Wurzelpilze vonCorallorrhiza innata R. Br. sowie der EpiphytenCattleya bowringiana Veit undLaelia anceps Lindl. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.77: 657–684.
Wood, H. G., &M. F. Utter. 1965. The role of carbon dioxide fixation in metabolism. Essays in Biochem.I, 1–27.
—————. 1941. Mechanism of fixation of carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle. Jour. Biol. Chem.139: 483–484.
Wood-Baker, A. 1955. Effects of oxygen-nitrogen mixtures on the spore germination of mucoraceous moulds. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.38: 291–297.
Woolman, H. M., & H. B. Humphrey. 1924. Studies in the physiology and control of bunt, or stinking smut, of wheat. U.S. Dep. Agr. Bull. No. 1239, 29 pp.
Woronick, C. L. 1959. Carbon dioxide fixation by cell free extracts ofAspergillus niger. Diss. Abstr.20: 486.
—————. 1960. Carbon dioxide fixation by cell free extracts ofAspergillus niger. Jour. Biol. Chem.235: 9–15.
Yanagita, T. 1957. Biochemical aspects of germination ofAspergillus niger conidiospores. Arch. Mikrobiol.26: 329–344.
————— 1963. Carbon dioxide fixation in germinating conidiospores ofAspergillus niger. Jour. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. (Tokyo)9: 343–351.
Yirgou, D., &R. M. Caldwell. 1963. Stomatal penetration of wheat seedlings by stem and leaf rust: effect of light and carbon dioxide. Science141: 272–273.
Yoshii, H. 1935. Pathological studies on water melon wilt. V. Metabolism ofFusarium niveum, with special reference to its gas evolution. (English summary.) Bull. Sci. Fak. Terkultura, Kjusu Imp. Univ. (Japan)6: 312–330.
Zalokar, M. 1954. Studies on biosynthesis of carotenoids inNeurospora crassa. Arch. Biochem. & Biophys.50: 71–80.
Zeissler, J. 1930. Anaerobenzuchtung.In: “Handbuch der pathogenen Mikroorganismen,” ed. by W. Kolle, R. Krause, und P. Uhlenhuth, 3 Aufl.10: 35–144.
—————. 1928. Die anaerobe Sporenflora der europaischen Kriegsschauplatze, 1917. Veröff. Kriegs- & Konstitutionspathol.5(2): 1–99.
Zhuravskii, G. I. 1939. The gas exchange inAspergillus niger during the formation of citric acid. Mikrobiologiya8: 414–430.
Zycha, H. 1937. The growth of two wood destroying fungi and their relation to carbonic acid. Zentralbl. Bakt. II.97: 222–224.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tabak, H.H., Cooke, W.B. The effects of gaseous environments on the growth and metabolism of fungi. Bot. Rev 34, 126–252 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02872605
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02872605