Skip to main content
Log in

II. Growth rings and climate

  • Published:
The Botanical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Aaron, Isador. 1948. Growth of stumps. Science107: 391–392.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abbott, Clifton. 1946. Our newest and oldest almanac. Trees. Arizona Highways22(3): 4–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Åkerhielm, L. 1940. Tallens sekundära höjdtellväxt. Svenska Skogsvårdsför. Tidskr. [From Hustich, 1945].

  • Amos, G. L., Bisset, I. J. W. andDadswell, H. E. 1950. Wood structure in relation to growth inEucalyptus gigantea Hook. F. Aust. Jour. Sci. Res. B. Biol. Sci.3: 393–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, Eric A. 1951. Tracheid length variations in conifers as related to distance from pith. Jour. Forest.49: 38–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antevs, Ernst. 1925. The big tree as a climatic measure. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Publ. 352: 115–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1946. Review of Harold Sterling Gladwin: “Tree-ring analysis. Problems of Dating, I. The Medicine Valley sites. Medallion Papers No. 32, Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona, 1944”. Amer. Anthro. n.s.48: 436–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1948. Climatic changes and Pre-White Man. Bull. Univ. Utah38: 168–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, J. R. andLibby, W. F. 1949. Age determinations by radiocarbon content: checks with samples of known age. Science110: 678–680.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ————— and —————. 1951. Radiocarbon dates. Science113: 111–120.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asana, R. D. 1950. Growth analysis of the sugar-cane crop in North Bihar (India). I. Seasonal variation in growth and yield in unmanured plots. Ann. Bot.14: 465–486.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby, Eric. 1950. Leaf morphology and physiological age. Sci. Prog.38: 678–685.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avery, Jr., Geo, S., Burkholder, Paul R. andCreighton, Harriet B. Oct. 22, 1937. A growth hormone in trees. Science86: Sci. News, p. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Badoux, Eric. 1946. Relations entre le développement de la cime et l’accroissement chez le pin sylvestre. Contribution à l’étude de l’éclaircie. Thesis: École Polytech. Fed., Zurich. [Biol. Abst. 17139, 1948].

  • Baird, Elizabeth A. andLane, Muriel G. 1947. The seasonal variation in the ascorbic acid content of edible wild plants commonly found in New Brunswick. Canad. Jour. Res. C.25: 95–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, W. L. 1941. Effect of gypsy moth defoliation on certain forest trees. Jour. Forest.39: 1017–1022.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannan, M. W. 1941. Variability in wood structure in roots of native Ontario conifers. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club68: 173–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1941–42. Wood structure ofThuja occidentalis. Bot. Gaz.103: 295–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannister, Bryant. 1951. Tree-ring dates for the Gallina area, New Mexico. Tree-Ring Bull.17: 21–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barghoorn, Jr., Elso S. 1941. The ontogenetic development and phylogenetic specialization of rays in the xylem of dicotyledons. III. The elimination of rays. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club68: 317–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, L. D. andDowns, A. A. 1943. Growth response of white pine in the Southern Appalachians to green pruning. Jour. Forest.41: 507–510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, H. H. 1951. Radiocarbon datability of peat, marl, caliche, and archeological materials. Science114: 55–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beal, J. A. 1943. Relation between tree growth and outbreaks of the Black Hills Beetle. Jour. Forest.41: 359–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beeson, C. F. C. 1946. The moon and plant growth. Nature158: 572–573.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, Hugh P. 1940. Winter growth in the vegetative buds of the Wagener apple. Canad. Jour. Res. C.18: 585–590.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bethel, James S. 1941. The effect of position within the bole upon fiber length of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Jour. Forest.39: 30–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billings, W. D. 1950. Vegetation and plant growth as affected by chemically altered rocks in the western Great Basin. Ecology31: 62–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisset, I. J. W., Dadswell, H. E. andAmos, G. L. 1950. Changes in fibre-length within one growth ring of certain angiosperms. Nature165: 348–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackman, G. E. andRutter, A. J. 1950. Physiological and ecological studies in the analysis of plant environment. V. An assessment of the factors controlling the distribution of the bluebell (Scilla non-scripta) in different communities. Ann. Bot.14: 487–520.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andWilson, G. L. 1951. Physiological and ecological studies in the analysis of plant environment. VI. The constancy for different species of a logarithmic relationship between net assimilation rate and light intensity and its ecological significance. Ann. Bot.15: 63–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boggess, William R. 1950. The effect of repeated pruning on diameter and height growth of planted slash pine. Jour. Forest.48: 352–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • ----- andLorenz, R. W. 1949. Growth and early thinning of loblolly pine in southern Illinois. Univ. Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta., Dept. For., For. Note No. 7: 1–3.

  • Bonck, Juanda andPenfound, William T. 1944. Seasonal growth of twigs of trees in the batture lands of the New Orleans area. Ecology25: 473–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyko, Hugo. 1947. On the role of plants as quantitative climatic indicators and the geo-ecological law of distribution. Jour. Ecol.35: 138–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brain, E. D. 1940. Transverse distribution of hormones in plants. Nature145: 316–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briegleb, Philip A. 1945. Calculating the growth of ponderosa pine forests. U. S. Dept. Agr., For. Ser., Portland, Oregon (Pacific N. W. Forest Exp. Sta.), 1–60.

  • —————. 1950. Growth of ponderosa pine. Jour. Forest.48: 349–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brier, G. W. 1948. Northern Hemisphere surface pressure and climatic fluctuations and vegetation growth in Northern Finland. Nature161: 730–731.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, F. A. andKelly, E. F. 1951. Instrumentation for recording microclimatological factors. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union32: 833–848.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Harry P. 1912. Growth studies in forest trees. I.Pinus rigida Mill. Bot. Gaz.54: 386–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1915. Growth studies in forest trees. II.Pinus strobus L. Bot. Gaz.59: 197–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broyer, T. C. 1951a. Exudation studies on the water relations of plants. Amer. Jour. Bot.38: 157–162.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1951b. Experiments on imbibition and other factors concerned in the water relations of plant tissues. Amer. Jour. Bot.38: 485–495.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, David. 1951. Fire, site and longleaf height growth. Jour. Forest.49: 25–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andBickford, C. Allen. 1950. Use of fire in natural regeneration of longleaf pine. Jour. Forest.48: 114–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bull, Henry. 1945. Increasing the growth of loblolly pine by girdling large hardwoods. Jour. For.43: 449–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, George P. 1944. Studies in tolerance of New England forest trees. XV. Soil temperature as influenced by the density of white pine cones. Vermont Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 513: 1–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andIrwin, E. S. 1942. Studies in tolerance of New England forest trees. XIV. Effect of spacing on the efficiency of white and red pine needles as measured by the amount of wood production on the main stem. Vermont Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 499: 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Büsgen-Münch, E. 1927. Bau und Leben unserer Waldbäume. [Hustich, 1945].

  • Butters, Frederic K. 1914. Some peculiar cases of plant distribution in the Selkirk Mountains, British Columbia. Minn. Bot. Stud.4: 313–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byram, Geo. M. andDolittle, Warren T. 1950. A year of growth for a shortleaf pine. Ecology31: 27–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, J. S. 1913. The relation of environmental conditions to the phenomenon of permanent wilting in plants. Physiol. Res.1: 1–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, T. N. 1949. The pioneer tree-ring work of Jacob Kuechler. Tree-Ring Bull.15: 16–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaiken, L. E. 1941. Growth and mortality during 10 years following partial cuttings in loblolly pine. Jour. Forest.39: 324–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, Jr., R. F., Schoen, P. W. andAnderson, D. A. 1943. Relationship between soil types and the growth of loblolly pine and shortleaf pine in east Texas. Jour. Forest.41: 505–506.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, H. H. 1941. Note on the history of a stand of pine timber at Urania, Louisiana. Jour. Forest.39: 951–952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Childe, V. Gordon. 1950. Comparison of archeological and radiocarbon datings. Nature166: 1068–1069.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury, K. Ahmad. 1939. The formation of growth rings in Indian trees. I. Indian Forest Rec. Util.2: 1–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1940. The formation of growth rings in Indian trees. II. (a) Champ (Michelia champaca). (b) Kokko (Albizzia lebbek). (c) Sissoo (Dalbergia sisso). (d) Toon (Cedrela toona). Indian Forest Rec. Util.2: 41–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andTandan, K. N. 1950. Extension and radial growth in trees. Nature165: 732–733.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Church, Jr., Thomas W. 1949. Effects of defoliation on growth of certain conifers. Northeast. For. Exp. Sta., Sta. Pap. No. 22: 1–12.

  • Colman, E. A. 1944. The dependence of field capacity upon the depth of wetting of field soils. Soil Sci.58: 43–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andBodman, G. B. 1944. Moisture and energy conditions during downward entry of water into moist and layered soils. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.9: 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colton, Harold S. 1945a. Sunset Crater. Plateau (Mus. N. Ariz.)18: 7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1945b. A revision of the date of the eruption of Sunset Crater. Southwest. Jour. Anthro.1: 345–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1947. A revised date for Sunset Crater. Geog. Rev.37: 144–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, David B. 1940. The period of terminal growth in some northeastern trees. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer.21: 31. [Abst.]

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1941a. The period of growth in some northeastern trees. Jour. Forest.39: 956–959.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1941b. Five seasons’ growth of conifers. Ecology22: 285–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, William S. 1923. The recent ecological history of Glacier Bay, Alaska: II. The present vegetation cycle. Ecology4: 223–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1939. A fourth expedition to Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecology20: 130–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooperrider, Charles K. andSykes, Glenton G. 1938. The relationship of stream flow to precipitation on the Salt River watershed above Roosevelt Dam. Univ. Ariz. Coll. Agr., Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull. 76: 1–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craighead, F. C. 1941. An effect of drought on white pine. Jour. Forest.39: 618–619.

    Google Scholar 

  • Croft, A. R. 1946. Some factors that influence the accuracy of watersupply forecasting in the intermountain region. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union27: 375–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andMarston, Richard B. 1950. Summer rainfall characteristics in northern Utah. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union31: 83–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cromie, George A. 1945. Forest improvement by girdling. Jour. Forest.43: 887–889.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahms, R. G. 1942. Effect of certain weather conditions on Chinch bug abundance at the Dry Land field station of the United States Department of Agriculture at Lawton, Oklahoma, 1916–40. Ecology23: 103–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, Tom. 1947. When drought returns to the Great Plains. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farm. Bull. 1982: 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darrow, Robert A. 1943. Vegetative and floral growth ofFouquieria splendens. Ecology24: 310–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daubenmire, R. F. 1945–46. Radial growth of trees at different altitudes. Bot. Gaz.107: 462–467.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1948–49. Relation of temperature and day-length to the inception of tree growth in spring. Bot. Gaz.110: 464–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1950–51. A comparison of season of cambial growth in different geographic races ofPinus ponderosa. Bot. Gaz.112: 182–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andDeters, M. E. 1947–48. Comparative studies of growth in deciduous and evergreen trees. Bot. Gaz.109: 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, Emily C. 1931. Ancient Americans: The archeological story of two continents. 311 pp.

  • Davis, William Morris. 1909. Geographical essays, 193–209.

  • Deevey, Jr., Edward S. 1952. Radiocarbon dating. Sci. Amer.186: 24–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobbs, C. G. 1942. A false-ring pattern in larch. Nature150: 377–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1951. A study of growth rings in trees. Forestry24: 22–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglass, A. E. 1923. Conclusions from tree-ring data. Geog. Rev.13: 659–661 (Suppl.).

    Google Scholar 

  • -----. 1928. Climatic cycles and tree growth. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Publ. 289, Vol. II.

  • -----. 1931. Tree rings and their relation to solar variations and chronology. Smithson. Inst., Pub. 3142 (Rep. 1931): 304–312.

  • —————. 1941. Crossdating in dendrochronology. Jour. Forest.39: 825–831.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1942. Crossdating at Mesa Verde National Park. Jour. Forest.40: 347–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1945. Survey of Sequoia studies. II. Tree-Ring Bull.12: 10–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1946a. Precision of ring dating in tree-ring chronologies. Univ. Ariz., Bull.17: 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1946b. Researches in dendrochronology. Bull. Univ. Utah37: 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downs, Albert A. 1943. Response of eastern white pine reproduction in the Southern Appalachian to liberation. Jour. Forest.41: 279–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1946. Response to release of sugar maple, white oak, and yellow-poplar. Jour. Forest.44: 22–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, Duncan. 1942. A site classification for the mixed-conifer selection forests of the Sierra Nevada. U. S. Dept. Agr., For. Ser., Calif. For. & Range Exp. Sta., Res. Note No. 28: 1–21.

  • Eidem, Per. 1943a. Über Schwankungen im Dickenwachstum der Fichte (Picea abies) in Selbu, Norwegen. Nyt Mag. Naturv. B.83: 145–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1943b. En vekstkurve til datering av trevirke av gran fra omegnen av Trondheim [A standardized growth curve for the dating of spruce logs from the vicinity of Trondheim]. Kong. Norske Vid. Selskab Forkandl. (Trondheim)16: 115–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evenari, Michael. 1949. Germination inhibitors. Bot. Rev.15: 153–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fielding, J. M. andMillett, M. R. O. 1941. Some studies of the growth of Monterey pine (P. radiata). I. Diameter growth. Forest. Bur. Bull. (Aust.)27: 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flint, Richard Foster. 1951. Dating Late-Pleistocene events by means of radiocarbon. Nature167: 833–836.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ————— andDeevey, Jr., Edward S. 1951. Radiocarbon dating of late-Pleistocene events. Amer. Jour. Sci.249: 257–300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, E. E. 1944. A climatic discontinuity in the areal correlation of annual precipitation in the Middle West. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.25: 299–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowells, H. A. 1941. The period of seasonal growth of ponderosa pine and associated species. Jour. Forest.39: 601–608.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andKirk, B. M. 1945. Availability of soil moisture to ponderosa pine. Jour. Forest.43: 601–604.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, D. A. 1949. Production of spring wood withβ-acetic acid (heteroauxin). Nature164: 542.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friesner, Ray C. 1941. A preliminary study of growth in the beech,Fagus grandifolia, by the dendrographic method. Butler Univ., Bot. Stud.5: 85–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1942a. Vertical growth in four species of pines in Indiana. Butler Univ., Bot. Stud.5: 145–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1942b. Dendrometer studies of five species of broadleaf trees in Indiana. Butler Univ., Bot. Stud.5: 160–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1942c. Dendrometric studies of six species of deciduous trees in Indiana in 1941. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.51: 74. [Abst.].

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1943a. Correlation of elongation in primary, secondary and tertiary axes ofPinus strobus andP. resinosa. Butler Univ., Bot. Stud.6: 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1943b. Some aspects of tree growth. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.52: 36–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1950. Growth-rainfall trend coefficients shown by six species of hardwoods in Brown County, Indiana. Butler Univ., Bot. Stud.9: 159–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andFriesner, Gladys M. 1941. Relation of annual ring formation to rainfall as illustrated in six species of trees in Marshall County, Indiana. Butler Univ., Bot. Stud.5: 95–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andWalden, Gershom. 1946. A five-year dendrometer record in two trees ofPinus strobus. Butler Univ., Bot. Stud.8: 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gevorkiantz, S. R. 1947. Growth and yield of Jack Pine in the Lake States. U. S. Dept. Agr., For. Ser., Lake States For. Exp. Sta., Sta. Pap. No. 7: 1–11.

  • ----- andOlsen, Lucille P. 1950. Growth and yield of upland balsam fir in the Lake States. U. S. Dept. Agr., For. Ser., Lake States For. Exp. Sta., Sta. Pap. No. 22: 1–24.

  • Gibbs, R. Darnley. 1940. Studies in tree physiology. II. Seasonal changes in the food reserves of field birch (Betula populifolia Marsh.). Canad. Jour. Res. C.18: 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddings, J. L. Jr., 1941. Dendrochronology in Northern Alaska. Univ. Alaska, Publ.4: 1–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1951. The forest edge at Norton Bay, Alaska. Tree-Ring Bull.18: 2–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilpin, Laura. 1941. The Pueblos: A camera chronicle. 124 pp.

  • Gindel, J. 1944. Aleppo pine as a medium for tree-ring analysis. Tree-Ring Bull.11: 6–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gladwin, Harold S. 1940a. Methods and instruments for use in measuring tree-rings. Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona, Medallion Papers No. 27: 1–13.

  • -----. 1940b. Tree-ring analysis. Methods of correlation. Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona, Medallion Papers No. 28: 1–63.

  • -----. 1942. Excavations at Snaketown. III. Revisions. Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona, Medallion Papers No. 30: 1–19.

  • -----. 1943. A review and analysis of the Flagstaff culture. Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona, Medallion Papers No. 31: 1–97.

  • Glock, Waldo S. 1937. Principles and methods of tree-ring analysis. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Publ. 486.

  • —————. 1941. Growth rings and climate. Bot. Rev.7: 649–713.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1942a. Tree-ring analysis and dating in the Mississippi drainage: a review. Amer. Jour. Arch.46: 2–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1942b. Tree-growth rings as record of annual precipitation: a review. Pan-Amer. Geol.77: 273–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1942c. A rapid method of correlation for continuous time series. Amer. Jour. Sci.240: 437–442.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1950. Tree growth and rainfall—a study of correlation and methods. Smithson. Inst., Misc. Coll.111: 1–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1951. Cambial frost injuries and multiple growth layers at Lubbock, Texas. Ecology32: 28–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andStudhalter, R. A. 1941. Research in “tree rings”. Chron. Bot.6: 378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, A. H. 1946. Effects of an unusual spring. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club73: 379–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenidge, K. N. H. 1952. An approach to the study of vessel length in hardwood species. Amer. Jour. Bot.39: 570–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, Felix G. 1943. Influence of light upon tree growth. Jour. Forest.41: 212–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hack, John T. 1942. The changing physical environment of the Hopi Indians of Arizona. Harvard Univ., Peabody Mus. Amer. Arch. & Ethn.,35: 1–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, David P. andThimann, Kenneth V. 1952. The nature of auxin-induced water uptake by potato tissue. Amer. Jour. Bot.39: 553–560.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, Wayne C. 1949. The effects of emasculation in relation to nitrogen supply during the ontogeny of the Gherkin. Amer. Jour. Bot.36: 740–746.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, E. L. andRowe, P. B. 1950. Rainfall interception by chaparral in California. Jour. Forest.48: 204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handley, W. R. C. 1939. The effect of prolonged chilling on water movement and radial growth in trees. Ann. Bot.3: 803–813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, Henry P. 1938. Ring growth and reproduction cycle inPicea Engelmannii near timberline. Univ. Wyo., Publ.5: 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1940. Ring growth and dominance in a spruce-fir association in Southern Wyoming. Amer. Mid. Nat.23: 442–447.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1941. Ring growth in three species of conifers in Central Washington. Ecology22: 168–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1946. Postglacial forest succession and climate in the Oregon Cascades. Amer. Jour. Sci.244: 710–734.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hare, F. Kenneth. 1951. Some climatological problems of the Arctic and sub-Arctic. Compendium of Meteorology, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 952–964.

  • Harlow, William M. andHarrar, Ellwood S. 1950. Textbook of Dendrology.

  • Harris, G. H. 1926. The activity of apple and filbert roots especially during winter months. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., Proc.23: 414–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haskell, Edward F. 1940. Mathematical systematization of “environment”, “organism” and “habitat”. Ecology21: 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawley, Florence M. 1939. New applications of tree ring analysis.In: So live the works of men. Univ. New Mex. Press, 177–186.

  • -----. 1941. Tree-ring analysis and dating in the Mississippi drainage. Univ. Chicago Publ. Anthro., Occas. Pap. No. 2: 1–110, 9 pls.

  • Hodson, A. C. andZehngraff, P. J. 1946. Budworm control in Jack Pine by forest management. Jour. Forest.44: 198–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, J. W. 1939. Agricultural meteorology: some characteristics of winds in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Canad. Jour. Res. C.17: 4–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornibrook, E. M. 1939. A modified tree classification for use in growth studies and timber marking in Black Hills ponderosa pine. Jour. Forest.37: 483–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hough, A. F. andTaylor, R. F. 1946. Response of Allegheny northern hardwoods to partial cutting. Jour. Forest.44: 30–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyt, John C. 1938. Drought of 1936, with discussion on the significance of drought in relation to climate. U. S. Geol. Sur., Water-supply paper 820: 1–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyt, W. G. andLangbein, W. B. 1944. The yield of streams as a measure of climatic fluctuations. Geog. Rev.34: 218–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, Bruno. 1941. Aufbau einer mitteleuropäischen Jahresringchronologie. Mitt. Göring-Akad. Deut. Forstwiss.1: 110–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1948. Die Jahresringe der Bäume als Hilfsmittel der Klimatologie und Chronologie. Naturwiss.35: 151–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull, Herbert M. 1952. Carbohydrate translocation in tomato and sugar beet with particular reference to temperature effect. Amer. Jour. Bot.39: 661–669.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummel, F. C. 1946. The formation of growth rings inEntandrophragma macrophyllum A. Chev. andKhaya grandifoliola C. DC. Empire For. Rev.25: 103–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphries, E. C. 1950. Wilt of cacao fruits (Theobroma cacao). V. Seasonal variation in potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium of the bark and wood of the cacao tree. Ann. Bot.14: 149–162.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hursh, C. R. 1948. Local climate in the Copper Basin of Tennessee as modified by the removal of vegetation. U. S. Dept. Agr., Circ. 774: 1–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hustich, I. 1941. Något om periodec och växlingar i Lapplands växtoch djurvärld under senaste årtionden. Mem. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fenn.17: 200–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1943. De årliga variationerna i tillväxtföreteelser och skördevärden i Lappland. Geografiska Annaler25: 105–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1945. The radial growth of the pine at the forest limit and its dependence on the climate. Soc. Scient. Fenn. Comm. Biol.9: 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1947. Climatic fluctuations and vegetation growth in Northern Finland during 1890–1939. Nature160: 478–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1948a. The Scotch Pine in northernmost Finland and its dependence on the climate in the last decades. Acta Bot. Fenn.42: 1–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • -----. 1948b. Tree growth and climatic fluctuations. Eripainos Terrasta No. 2: 73–80. [English summary].

  • -----. 1949. On the correlation between growth and the recent climatic fluctuation.In: Glaciers and climate, dedicated to Hans W:son Ahlmann. Geografiska Annaler 1–2: 90–105.

  • Illick, J. S. 1915. Pennsylvania trees. Comm. Penn., Dept. For., Bull. 11.

  • Ives, Ronald L. 1946. Botanical indicators of air drifts. Ecology27: 364–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, M. R. 1939. A study of the effect of sway on trees. Forest. Bur. Bull. [Aust.]26: 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jemison, Geo. M. 1943a. Effect of litter removal on diameter growth of shortleaf pine. Jour. Forest.41: 213–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1943b. Effect of single fires on the diameter growth of shortleaf pine in the Southern Appalachians. Jour. Forest.41: 574–576.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, Victor S. 1940. Results of thinning and its effect on residual yellow birch and associated hardwoods species. U. S. Dept. Agr., Northeast. For. Exp. Sta., Tech. Note33: 1–4.

  • Johnston, John P. 1941. Height-growth periods of oak and pine reproduction in the Missouri Ozarks. Jour. Forest.39: 67–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L. P. V. 1942. Studies on the relation of growth rate to wood quality inPopulus hybrids. Canad. Jour. Res. C.20: 28–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, Bassett. 1943. Correlations. Jour. Forest.41: 293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. W. 1947. Comment on I. Hustich. Nature160: 479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judkins, Wesley P. 1949. The relationship of leaf color, nitrogen, and rainfall to the growth of young peach trees. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., Proc.53: 29–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapteyn, J. C. 1914. Tree growth and meteorological factors. Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl.11: 70–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, Clemens M. 1945. Root growth of jack pine on several sites in Cloquet Forest, Minnesota. Ecology26: 10–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keen, F. P. 1936. Relative susceptibility of ponderosa pines to bark beetle attack. Jour. Forest.34: 919–927.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1943. Ponderosa tree classes redefined. Jour. Forest.41: 249–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kienholz, Raymond. 1934–35. Leader, needle, cambial, and root growth of certain conifers and their interrelations. Bot. Gaz.96: 73–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1941. Seasonal course of height growth in some hardwoods of Connecticut. Ecology22: 249–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, Dale S. 1951. Pageant of the pueblos. Ariz. Highways27(5): 6–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kittredge, Joseph. 1949. (Drip from trees). Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union30: 131–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knipe, D. A. 1942. A date from Chaco Yuma West, Southern Arizona. Tree-Ring Bull.8: 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, Paul J. 1941. Soil moisture as a limiting factor for active absorption and root pressure. Amer. Jour. Bot.28: 446–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1943. Objectives in forest tree physiology. Jour. Forest.41: 682–683.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1944. Soil moisture in relation to plant growth. Bot. Rev.10: 525–559.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1945. Absorption of water by plants. Bot. Rev.11: 310–355.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1948. Plant physiology in forest research. Jour. Forest.46: 918–921.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1950. Effects of wilting on the subsequent intake of water by plants. Amer. Jour. Bot.37: 280–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krauch, Hermann. 1945. The influence of release on the diameter growth of trees in Douglas-fir cut-over stands in the Southwest. U. S. Dept. Agr., Southwest. For. & Range Exp. Sta., Res. Note 111: 1–3.

  • —————. 1949a. Douglas-fir tree makes best growth during mature stage. Jour. Forest.47: 217–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1949b. Results of thinning experiment in ponderosa pine pole stands in central Arizona. Jour. Forest.47: 466–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladefoged, Kjeld. 1946. [The contribution of the individual parts of the crown to volume increment in Norway spruce]. Forst. Forsøgsvaesen Danmark, Beretninger16: 365–400. [English summary].

    Google Scholar 

  • Landsberg, Helmut. 1947. Physical climatology. 283 pp.

  • Langenheim, Jean H. 1949. Physiography and plant ecology of a subalpine earthflow, Gunnison County, Colorado. M.S. thesis, Univ. Minn.

  • Lawrence, Donald B. 1950. Glacier fluctuation for six centuries in southeastern Alaska and its relation to solar activity. Geog. Rev.40: 191–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andLawrence, Elizabeth G. 1949. Some glaciers of southeastern Alaska. Mazama31: 24–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Barron, Russell K. 1945. Adjustment of black spruce root systems to increasing depth of peat. Ecology26: 309–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, Luna B. 1951. Rainfall frequency: an aspect of climatic variation. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union32: 347–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Libby, W. F. andArnold, J. R. 1950. Radiocarbon dates. Science112: 453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linsley, Ray K. andKohler, Max A. 1951a. Variations in storm rainfall over small areas. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union32: 245–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— and —————. 1951b. Variations in storm rainfall over small areas. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union32: 933–934.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lommetzsch, Herbert. 1940. Unterschiede zwischen Fichtenholz verschiedener Herkunft. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.60: 97–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, H. J. 1944. Swamp-grown eastern white pine and hemlock in Connecticut as dendrochronological material. Tree-Ring Bull.10: 26–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1945. Tree-ring analysis and dating in the Mississippi drainage: a review. Jour. Forest.43: 774–775.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, Charles J. 1943. Water supply and the growth rates of conifers around Boston. Ecology24: 329–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1946. Hemlock chronology in New England. Tree-Ring Bull.13: 2–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1949. Secondary growth of white pine in bog and upland. Ecology30: 549–552.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacAloney, H. J. 1944. Relation of root condition, weather, and insects to the management of Jack Pine. Jour. Forest.42: 124–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDougal, D. T. 1923. Records of tree growth. Geog. Rev.13: 661–662 (Suppl.).

    Google Scholar 

  • -----. 1936. Studies in tree growth by the dendrographic method. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Publ. 462.

  • Marr, John W. 1948. Ecology of the forest-tundra ecotone on the east coast of Hudson Bay. Ecol. Mon.18: 117–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marts, Ralph O. 1949. Effect of crown reduction on taper and density in longleaf pine. Southern Lumberman, Dec. 15, 1949: 1–4.

  • -----. 1950. Wood quality of bud-pruned longleaf pine. Southern Lumberman, Dec. 15, 1950: 1–3.

  • Mathews, W. H. 1951. Historic and prehistoric fluctuations of alpine glaciers in the Mount Garibaldi map-area, southwestern British Columbia. Jour. Geol.59: 357–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maximov, N. A. 1930. A textbook of plant physiology, p. 290.

  • McComb, A. L. andKapel, F. J. 1940. Growth of seedling black locust and green ash in relation to subsoil acidity and fertility. Jour. Forest.38: 228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meagher, G. S. 1943. Reaction of pinon and juniper seedlings to artificial shade and supplemental watering. Jour. Forest.41: 480–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meissner, O. 1943. Jahresringe der Bäume und Klimaschwankungen. Bioklim. Beibl. 10: 88. [Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.27: 355, 1946].

    Google Scholar 

  • Messeri, Albina. 1948. [The evolution of the wood ring ofPinus halepensis at Bari]. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.55: 111–132. [Biol. Abst. 10324, 1950].

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H. Arthur. 1941. Growth fluctuations of virgin hemlock from Northern Pennsylvania. Tree-Ring Bull.7: 20–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1951. The influence of weather on tree growth and crop yield. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.32: 233. [Abst.].

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, Clark. 1945. Cutting cycles in ponderosa pine. Jour. Forest.43: 508–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Chester W. 1950. The effect of precipitation on annular-ring growth in three species of trees from Brown County, Indiana. Butler Univ., Bot. Stud.9: 167–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1951. Growth data from nine sections ofAcer saccharum from Montgomery County, Indiana. Butler Univ., Bot. Stud.10: 12–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millett, M. R. O. 1944. Rainfall and increment of Monterey pine in the Australian Capital Territory. Aust. Forest. Bur., Lft.56: 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, Enos A. 1909. Wild life on the Rockies.

  • Minckler, Leon S. 1943. Effect of rainfall and site factors on the growth and survival of young forest plantations. Jour. Forest.41: 829–833.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, H. L. andChandler, R. F. 1939. The N nutrition and growth of certain deciduous trees of northeastern United States. Black Rock Forest Bull.11: 1–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrow, Robert R. 1950. Periodicity and growth of sugar maple surface layer roots. Jour. Forest.48: 875–881.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moseley, Edwin Lincoln. 1941. Sun-spots and tree rings. Jour. Roy. Astron. Soc. Canada35: 376–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mowat, Edwin L. 1947. Effect of pruning on growth of ponderosa pine. Pac. Northwest For. Exp. Sta., For. Res. Notes 38: 1–3.

  • Nichols, Robert L. andMiller, Maynard M. 1951. Glacial geology of Ameghino Valley, Lago Argentino, Patagonia. Geog. Rev.41: 274–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oosting, Henry J. 1948. The study of plant communities, 389 pp.

  • ————— andKramer, Paul J. 1946. Water and light in relation to pine reproduction. Ecology27: 47–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ording, Asbjørn. 1941. Årringanalyser på gran og furu (Annual-ring analyses of spruce and pine). Medd. Norske Skogsforsøksvesen7: 1–354. (Biol. Abst. 22607, 1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parry, D. A. 1951. Microclimate close to the ground. Nature167: 73–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, Benson H. 1944. Second growth may supply timber of exceptional quality. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci., Arts & Lett.36: 269–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1946. Steps in the silvicultural control of wood quality. Jour. Forest.44: 953–958.

    Google Scholar 

  • ----- andSmith, Diana M. 1950. Summary on growth in relation to quality of southern yellow pine. U. S. Dept. Agr., For. Ser., For. Prod. Lab., No. D1751: 1–19.

  • [Pearsall, W. H.]. 1950. Cycles of growth. Sci. Prog.38: 325–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, G. A. 1941. Rev. of: Årringanalyser på gran og furu [Annualring analyses of spruce and pine] with English summary, by Asbjørn Ording. Medd. Norske Skogsforsøksvesen7: 105–354. [Jour. Forest.39: 1042–1043].

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1943. The facts behind improvement selection. Jour. Forest.41: 740–752.

    Google Scholar 

  • -----. 1944a. Growth, mortality, increment, and cutting cycles in New Mexico ponderosa pine. Southwest. For. & Range Exp. Sta., Tucson, Arizona, 1–13. [Mimeo.].

  • —————. 1944b. Cutting cycles in ponderosa pine. Jour. Forest.42: 575–585.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1946. Age-and-vigor classes in relation to timber marking. Jour. Forest.44: 652–659.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1950. Management of ponderosa pine in the Southwest. U. S. Dept. Agr., For. Ser., Agr. Mon.6: 1–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pessin, L. J. 1939. Root habits of longleaf pine and associated species. Ecology20: 47–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston, Richard J. 1940. Rocky Mountain trees. Iowa State College Press, p. 53.

  • —————. 1942. The growth and development of the root systems of juvenile lodgepole pine. Ecol. Mon.12: 449–468.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pruitt, A. A. 1947. A study of the effects of soils, water table, and drainage on the height growth of slash and loblolly pine plantations on the Hofmann forest. Jour. Forest.45: 836.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, Chas. D. Apr. 7, 1942. [Personal letter].

  • Reed, H. S. 1928. Intra-seasonal cycles of growth. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.14: 221–229.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ————— andMacDougal, D. T. 1937–38. Periodicity in the growth of the orange tree. Growth1: 371–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • [Regional Forester]. 1951. National Forest Facts. Southwestern Region Arizona and New Mexico. U. S. Dept. Agr., For. Ser. 35 pp.

  • Reimer, Charles W. 1949. Growth correlations in five species of deciduous trees. Butler Univ., Bot. Stud.9: 43–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, E. G. 1939. Soil depth and height growth of black locust. Jour. Forest.37: 583–584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roe, Arthur L. 1947. What is the right cutting cycle for ponderosa pine? U. S. For. Ser., North. Rocky Mtn. For. & Range Exp. Sta., Res. Note 57: 1–3.

  • Roth, Robert. 1945. Permian Pease River group in Texas. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer.56: 893–908.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, P. B. andHendrix, T. M. 1951. Interception of rain and snow by second-growth ponderosa pine. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union32: 903–908.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruden, Tollef. 1945. En vurdering av anvendte arbeidsmetoder innen trekronologi og årringanalyse. [A valuation of the methods employed in dendrochronology and annual ring analyses]. Medd. Norske Skogsforsøksvesen9: 181–267. [English summary].

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, Arthur W. 1940. The dendrochronology enigma. Jour. Forest.38: 966–968.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andGlock, Waldo S. 1942. Tree growth and the environmental complex: a critique of “ring” growth studies with suggestions for future research. Jour. Forest.40: 614–620.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarth, G. W., Goodling, H. B. andShaw, M. 1947. Factors influencing growth and summer dormancy inTaraxacum kok-saghyz. Canad. Jour. Res. C.25: 27–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiff, Leonard. 1951. Surface detention, rate of runoff, land use, and erosion relationships of small watersheds. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union32: 57–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • ————— andDreibelbis, F. R. 1949. Infiltration, soil moisture, and land-use relationships with reference to surface runoff. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union30: 75–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schove, D. Justin. 1950. Tree rings and summer temperatures. Scot. Geog. Mag.66: 37–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulman, Edmund. 1940a. Climatic chronology in some coast redwoods. Tree-Ring Bull.6: 22–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1940b. The tree-ring laboratory of the University of Arizona. Chron. Bot.6: 63–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1940c. Precipitation records in California tree rings. Proc. VI Pac. Sci. Congr., 1939. Vol. 3: 707–717.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1941. Some propositions in tree-ring analysis. Ecology22: 193–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1942a. Dendrochronology in pines of Arkansas. Ecology23: 309–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1942b. Centuries-long tree indices of precipitation in the Southwest. I. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.23: 148–161, 204–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1943. Over-age drought conifers of the Rocky Mountains. Jour. Forest.41: 422–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1945a. Runoff histories in tree rings of the Pacific Slope. Geog. Rev.35: 59–73, 143.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1945b. Tree-ring hydrology of the Colorado River basin. Univ. Ariz., Bull.16: 1–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1945c. Tree-rings and runoff in the South Platte River Basin. Tree-Ring Bull.11: 18–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1947. Tree-ring hydrology in Southern California. Univ. Ariz., Bull.18: 1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1948a. Dendrochronology at Navajo National Monument. Tree-Ring Bull.14: 18–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1948b. Dendrochronology in northeastern Utah. Tree-Ring Bull.15: 2–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • -----. 1951. Tree-ring indices of rainfall, temperature, and river flow. Compendium of Meteorology, Amer. Meteor. Soc. 1024–1029.

  • —————. 1951–52a. Dendrochronology in Big Bend National Park, Texas. Tree-Ring Bull.18: 18–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1951–52b. Definitive dendrochronologies: a progress report. Tree-Ring Bull.18: 10–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Science Digest. 1950. “The camera reports”. 28(4): insert.

  • Scofield, Carl S. 1945. The water requirement of alfalfa. U. S. Dept. Agr., Circ.735: 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scully, Norbert J. 1941–42. Root distribution and environment in a maple-oak forest. Bot. Gaz.103: 492–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Secrest, H. C., MacAloney, H. J. andLorenz, R. C. 1941. Causes of decadence of Hemlock at the Menominee Indian Reservation, Wisconsin. Jour. Forest.39: 3–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senter, Florence Hawley. 1938. Dendrochronology: can we fix prehistoric dates in the Middle West by tree rings? Indiana Hist. Bull.15: 118–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanks, Royal E. andNorris, Fred H. 1950. Microclimatic variation in a small valley in Eastern Tennessee. Ecology31: 532–539.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, Robert P. 1951. Glacial history of Wolf Creek, St. Elias Range, Canada. Jour. Geol.59: 97–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shirley, Hardy L. 1945. Light as an ecological factor and its measurement. II. Bot. Rev.11: 497–532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smiley, Terah L. 1951. A summary of tree-ring dates from some southwestern archeological sites. Univ. Ariz., Bull.22: 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, Robert W. 1948. Light thinning in century-old Douglas-fir. Pacific Northwest Forest Exp. Sta., Forest Res. Notes No. 43: 1–3.

  • Stone, E. E. 1942. Effect of fire on radial growth of long-leaf pine. Naval Stores Rev.52: 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, Edward C., Went, F. W. andYoung, C. L. 1950. Water absorption from the atmosphere by plants growing in dry soil. Science111: 546–548.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Storie, R. Earl andWieslander, A. E. 1948. Rating soils for timber sites. Soil Sci. Amer., Proc.13: 499–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuckey, Irene H. 1941. Seasonal growth of grass roots. Amer. Jour. Bot.28: 486–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Studhalter, R. A. andGlock, Waldo S. 1941. Apparatus for the production of artificial frost injury in living plant tissues. Amer. Jour. Bot.28, Suppl. to No. 10: 6s.

  • ————— and —————. 1942. Apparatus for the production of artificial frost injury in the branches of living trees. Science96: 165.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarrant, Robert F. 1950. A relation between topography and Douglasfir site quality. Jour. Forest.48: 723–724.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tharp, B. C. 1939. The vegetation of Texas. Tex. Acad. Sci., Publ. Nat. Hist., non-tech. ser. 74 pp.

  • Thomson, Walter G. 1940. A growth rate classification of southwestern ponderosa pine. Jour. Forest.38: 547–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornthwaite, C. Warren. 1940. Atmospheric moisture in relation to ecological problems. Ecology21: 17–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • -----. 1945a.In: report by committee on transpiration and evaporation, 1943–44. Amer. Geoph. Union, Trans. of 1944, Part V: 686–693.

  • —————. 1945b. Progress report. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union26: 453–455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tihomirov, J. K. 1940. The geographic-complex method for the study of climate. Mon. Weath. Rev.68: 214–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tovstoles, D. 1938. Investigation of accretion in pine trees. Jour. l’Inst. Bot.16. (Hustich, 1945.)

  • Turner, Lewis M. 1936a. Root growth of seedlings ofPinus echinata andPinus taeda. Jour. Agr. Res.53: 145–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1936b. Factors influencing the rate of growth of pine in Arkansas. Ecology17: 227–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1937. Some soil characters influencing the distribution of forest types and rate of growth of trees in Arkansas. Jour. Forest.35: 5–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1943. Relation of stand density to height growth. Jour. Forest.41: 766.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vegher, R. 1946. Sun-spot cycles and the growth of conifers in the Venetian Alps. Acta Pontificia Acad. Sci.10: 355–360. [Biol. Abst. 8592, 1950].

    Google Scholar 

  • Veihmeyer, F. J. 1927. Some factors affecting the irrigation requirements of deciduous orchards. Hilgardia2: 125–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Villeneuve, G. Oscar. 1946. Climatic conditions of the Province of Quebec and their relationship to the forests. Quebec Dept. Lands & For., For. Prot. Ser., Bull.6: 1–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visher, S. S. 1946. Seasonal precipitation range in the United States. Ecology27: 81–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1950. Wet seasons in the United States: how wet and how frequent. Ecology31: 292–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wadsworth, Frank H. 1942. Value of small-crowned ponderosa pines in reserve stands in the Southwest. Jour. Forest.40: 767–771.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagener, Willis W. 1949. Top dying of conifers from sudden cold. Jour. Forest.47: 49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakeley, Philip C. andMuntz, H. H. 1947. Effect of prescribed burning on height growth of longleaf pine. Jour. Forest.45: 503–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallihan, E. F. 1947. Growth rate of trees in the vicinity of woodchuck burrows. Jour. Forest.45: 372–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wardrop, A. B. 1951. Cell wall organization and properties of the xylem. I. Cell wall organization and the variation of breaking load in tension of the xylem in conifer stems. Aust. Jour. Sci. Res., B, Biol. Sci.4: 391–414.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wareing, P. F. 1950. Extension and radial growth in trees. Nature166: 278.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, V. M. andde Forest, H. 1941. Growth in some chaparral shrubs in California. Ecology22: 79–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watt, A. S. 1943. Ecological principles in forestry practice. Nature152: 196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weakley, Harry E. 1943. A tree-ring record of precipitation in Western Nebraska. Jour. Forest.41: 816–819.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, Harold. 1947. Fire-Nature’s thinning agent in ponderosa pine stands. Jour. Forest.45: 437–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weck, 1944. Beitrag zur Frage: Zuwachsleistung und Witterung. Forstwiss. Centralbl. u. Tharandter Forstl. Jahrb.1944: 60–64. [Biol. Abst. 19925, 1945].

    Google Scholar 

  • Wieslander, A. E. andJensen, Herbert A. 1946. Forest areas, timber volumes and vegetation types in California. Calif. For. & Range Exp. Sta., For. Surv. Rel.4: 1–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, H. G. “In the Avu Observatory”. Famous short stories of H. G. Wells. New York, 1938, p. 207.

  • Went, F. W. 1949. Ecology of desert plants. II. The effect of rain and temperature on germination and growth. Ecology30: 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1950. The response of plants to climate. Science112: 489–494.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiggin, H. Carvel andVerduin, J. 1946–47. The occurrence of two annual growth rings during the 1946 season. Proc. So. Dak. Acad. Sci.26: 115–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilde, S. A. andVoigt, G. K. 1948. Specific gravity of the wood of jack pine seedlings raised under different levels of soil fertility. Jour. Forest.46: 521–523.

    Google Scholar 

  • Will, Geo F. 1946. Tree ring studies in North Dakota. Part I. Tree ring records in dating and weather in the Northern Plains. No. Dak. Agr. Coll., Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull.338: 2–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Thomas E. andHolch, A. E. 1946. Ecology of the Black Forest of Colorado. Ecology27: 139–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, John N., Wareham, Richard T. andScofield, Herbert T. 1949. Microclimates and macroclimate of Neotoma, a small valley in central Ohio. Ohio State Univ., Ohio Biol. Sur. Bull. 41.

  • Wood, O. M. 1934. The root system of a chestnut oak. Proc. X Nat. Shade Tree Conf., Pittsburgh, Pa., Aug. 30, 31, 1934: 1–2.

  • Zeuner, F. E. 1950a. Dating the past by radioactive carbon. Nature166: 756–757.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —————. 1950b. Archeology and science. Nature166: 1045–1046.

    Google Scholar 

  • -----. 1951a. Dating the past: an introduction to geochronology. 6–19.

  • —————. 1951b. Archeological dating by radioactive carbon. Sci. Prog.39: 225–238.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zillgitt, Walter M. 1944. Growth response in sugar maple following light selective cutting. Jour. Forest.42: 680.

    Google Scholar 

  • -----. 1945. Growth response in sugar maple following light selective cutting. U. S. Dept. Agr., Lake States For. Exp. Sta., Tech. Note229: 1 p.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Glock, W.S. II. Growth rings and climate. Bot. Rev 21, 73–188 (1955). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02872377

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02872377

Keywords

Navigation