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Tillage and seed-sprouting strategies to improve potato yield and quality in short season climates

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Abstract

Management practices that accelerate crop development and allow earlier harvest would be beneficial in short-season potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production areas. Yield and quality of the potato cultivar ‘Russet Burbank’ were evaluated in a 2-yr study in northern Maine to determine effects of soil tillage and seedsprouting treatments designed to dry soil early in the spring and hasten seed emergence. The tillage treatments, consisting of fall raised bed (RB), fall ridge till (RT), and spring chisel plow (CH), were tested in combination with green-sprouted and non-sprouted seed tubers on a Caribou gravelly loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid,Typic Haplorthod). Plants from green-sprouted seed emerged earlier than from non-sprouted seed tubers (87%-96% vs 21%-37%, respectively, at 18 days after planting [DAP] in 2000; and 73%-88% vs 18%-23%, respectively, at 20 DAP in 2001). Green-sprouted seed tubers in RB yielded 4.6 to 5.9 T ha-1 more than nonsprouted seed tubers in RB. However, non-sprouted seed tubers yielded higher than green-sprouted seed tubers in RT by 2.9 to 4.2 T ha-1 and in CH by 1.1 to 4.1 T ha-1. Similarly, green-sprouted seed tubers in RB and nonsprouted seed tubers in RT and CH produced higher marketable yield, greater tuber length, and greater tuber diameter than the corresponding seed-sprouting treatment. In the comparatively wetter year (2000), the use of green-sprouted seed tubers in RB significantly increased total and marketable yields, and produced longer and larger tubers than all other treatments. However, in 2001 (relatively dry year), yield and quality from green-sprouted seed tubers in RB did not differ from non-sprouted seed in RT or CH. Green-sprouted seed produced fewer sunburned and rotten tubers, but more misshapen tubers than non-sprouted seed in RB tillage. The technique of producing Russet Burbank potatoes in raised beds is a promising system in regions with short growing seasons for enhancing early soil drainage during spring and improving soil water retention during critical periods of crop growth and development.

Resumen

Las práctices de manejo que aceleran el desarrollo del cultivo y permiten una cosecha temprana serían beneficiosas en las áreas de producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) de ciclo corto. Se evaluó el rendimiento y calidad del cultivar de papa ‘Russet Burbank’, en un estudio de dos anos en el norte de Maine para determinar los efectos del tipo de labranza, y de brotamiento diseñados para suelo seco en primavera y para acelerar la emergencia. Los tratamientos de labranza consistieron en: a) camellones levantados con superficie plana y mas ancha que lo acostumbrado, construidos en el otoño (RB), camellones estandar hechos con cultivadora construidos en el invierno (RT) y camellones estandar hechos con un implemento llamado “chisel plow” construídos en la primavera antes de la siembra (CH). Estos tratamientos fueron probados en combinación con el uso de semilla de tubérculos con brotes verdes y semilla no brotada, en suelos arcillo-arenosos tipo Caribou (mezcla arcilla y arena gruesa, glacial,Hoplorthod típico). Las plantas provenientes de tubérculos brotados emergieron antes que las de tubérculos no brotados (87%-96% vs 21%-37% respectivamente, 18 días después de la siembra [DAP], en el 2000 y 73%-88% vs 18%-23% respectivamente a los 20 días después de la siembra en el 2001). Semilla brotada en RB rindió 4.6 a 5.9 ton/ha-1 más que la semilla no brotada. Sin embargo, semilla no brotada rindió 2.9 a 4.2 ton/ha-1 más que la semilla brotada en RT. Similarmente, semilla brotada en RB y no brotada en RT y CH produjo mayor rendimiento comercial, tubérculos más alargados y mayor diámetro de tubérculo que el correspondiente tratamiento con semilla brotada. En el ano comparativamente más húmedo (2000), el uso de semilla brotada en RB incrementó significativamente el rendimiento total y comercial y produjo tubérculos más largos y mas grandes que en los otros tratamientos. Sin embargo, en el año 2001 (relativamente ano seco), el rendimiento y calidad de la semilla brotada en RB no se diferenció de la de semilla no brotada en RT o CH. La semilla brotada produjo menos tubérculos danados por el sol y menos podridos, pero mas tubérculos deformes que los de semilla no brotada en RB. La técnica de producir papas Russet Burbank en camellones levantados es un sistema prometedor en regiones con periodo corto de cultivo, por que intensifica el drenaje temprano del suelo durante la primavera y mejora la retención de agua del suelo durante los períodos críticos de crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo.

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Correspondence to C. W. Honeycutt.

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Essah, S.Y.C., Honeycutt, C.W. Tillage and seed-sprouting strategies to improve potato yield and quality in short season climates. Am. J. Pot Res 81, 177–186 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871747

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