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Effect of cultivar maturity period on the growth and yield of potato plants grown from microtubers and conventional seed tubers

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Abstract

Potato plants of early cultivars grown from microtubers have been reported to have a much lower growth vigor and produce lower yields than microtubers of late cultivars. This study intended to clarify the field performance of plants grown from directly planted microtubers of cultivars with different maturity periods, with a special attention to early cultivars. The experiments were conducted at Hokkaido University, Japan, over four years. Microtubers and conventional seed tubers of the early cultivar Kitaakari, late cultivars Konafubuki and Norin 1, and very late breeding line IWA-1 were planted, and the plant growth and tuber yields were analyzed. The microtuber plants of Kitaakari had a lower initial increase in leaf area index than conventional seed tuber plants, but at the maximum shoot growth had the same leaf area index. This pattern was also observed in the other cultivars. Tuber initiation and tuber bulking occurred on average five days later in microtuber plants than in conventional seed tuber plants of cultivar Kitaakari. At maximum shoot growth, microtuber plants had on average 65% of tuber dry weight of conventional seed tuber plants, with small variation among cultivars. Irrespective of maturity period, microtuber plants showed a higher tuber increase after maximum shoot growth, achieving around 86% of tuber dry weight of conventional seed tuber plants at harvest. From the results of this study we conclude that microtuber plants of early and late cultivars have a similar yield potential relative to conventional seed tuber plants, and microtubers of both early and late cultivars might be used as an alternative seed tuber source for potato production, if necessary.

Resumen

Se ha reportado que las plantas precoces de papa, provenientes de microtubérculos tienen mucho menos vigor y menor rendimiento que las de cultivares tardios derivados de microtubérculos. Este estudio tiene la intención de esclarecer el comportamiento en campo de plantas de cultivares con diferente período de madurez que provienen directamente de microtubérculos, con especial atención a los cultivares precoces. Los experimentos se realizaron en la Universidad de Hokaido, Japon durante cuatro años. Se plantaron microtubérculos y tubérculos-semilla convencionales del cultivar Kitaakari, de cultivares tardíos de Konafubuki y Norin 1, y de la línea de mejoramiento muy tardía IWA-1 y se analizó el desarrollo de las plantas y los rendimientos. Las plantas derivadas de microtubérculos de Kitaakari tuvieron un menor índice de crecimiento del área foliar que las plantas originadas de tubérculos-semilla, pero cuando los brotes alcanzaron el crecimiento máximo, mostraron igual índice de área foliar. Este patrón fue también observado en los otros cultivares. El inicio de la tuberización y aumento del volumen del tubérculo de plantas provenientes de microtubérculos se produjo cinco dias después que en las plantas derivadas de tubérculos-semilla del cultivar Kitaakari. Al momento del máximo crecimiento de los brotes, las plantas provenientes de microtubérculos tenían en promedio el 65% del peso seco de las plantas originadas de tubérculossemilla con una ligera variación entre cultivares. Prescindiendo del período de madurez, las plantas originadas de microtubérculos mostraron un mayor incremento del tubérculo después del máximo crecimiento de los brotes, alcanzando a la cosecha alrededor del 86% del peso seco del tubérculo de las plantas provenientes de semilla convencional. Tomando como base los resultados de este estudio, concluimos que las plantas provenientes de microtubérculos de cultivares precoces tienen potencialmente un rendimiento similar en relación con las plantas provenientes de tubérculossemilla convencionales y los microtubérculos tanto de cultivares precoces como tardíos pueden ser usados en caso necesario como fuente alternativa de semilla para la producción de papa.

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Correspondence to Kazuto Iwama.

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Kawakami, J., Iwama, K., Jitsuyama, Y. et al. Effect of cultivar maturity period on the growth and yield of potato plants grown from microtubers and conventional seed tubers. Am. J. Pot Res 81, 327–333 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02870178

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