Abstract
This paper presents a method of establishing a hydrothermal ore-forming reaction system. On the basis of the study of four typical hydrothermal deposits, the following conclusions concerning geochemical dynamic controlling during hydrothermal mineralization have been drawn: (1) The regional tectonic activities control the concentration and dispersion of elements in the ore-forming process in terms of their effects on the thermodynamic nature and conditions of the ore-forming reaction system. (2) During hydrothermal mineralization the activities of ore-bearing faults can be divided into two stages: the brittle splitting stage and the brittle-tough tensing stage, which would create characteristically different geodynamic conditions for the geochemical thermodynamic ore-forming system. (3) The hydrothermal ore-forming reaction system is an open dynamic system. At the brittle splitting stage the system was so strongly supersaturated and unequilibrated as to speed up and enhance the crystallization and differentiation of ore-forming fluids. And at the brittle-tough tensing stage, the ore-forming system was in a weak supersaturated state; with decreasing temperature and pressure the crystallization of ore-forming material would slow down, and it can be regarded as an equilibrated state. (4) In the later stages of hydrothermal evolution, gold would be concentrated in the residual ore-forming solution. The pulsating fracture activity in this stage led to the crush of pyrite ore and it was then filled with gold-enriched solution, forming high-grade “fissure” gold ore. This ore-forming process could be called the coupling mechanism of ore formation.
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Jointly supported by the Basic Geological Research Program of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49573187).
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Lunshan, Z., Yongli, S., Jia, L. et al. A study on the geological-geochemical dynamics of hydrothermal ore deposition as exemplified by the Muping-Rushan gold deposit belt, eastern Shandong, China. Chin. J. of Geochem. 15, 289–295 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02867002
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02867002