Abstract
Cladistic and phenetic analyses of morphological, chloroplast DNA, and isozyme variation were used to examine relationships among multiple accessions of Sphenostylis sten ocarpa, representing wild and cultivated populations from throughout the range of the species. In morphometric and isozyme analyses, greater variability was detected among wild than among cultivated populations, and no differentiation was found between races cultivated for tubers and those cultivated for seeds. cpDNA data, however, revealed five groups of plastomes within S. stenocarpa: one in accessions cultivated for tubers, one in accessions cultivated for seeds, and three among wild accessions. Linguistic evidence and observations on the uses of the species in its two main areas of cultivation suggest independent origins of tuber- and seed- cultivated races. The data support two alternative explanations for the distribution of extant cultivated accessions ofS. stenocarpa. The first hypothesis is that the species was domesticated independently in western and central Africa, but that domestication events involved selection from a single restricted gene pool. The second hypothesis is that a single domestication event occurred in one of the two areas, but that human dispersal to the second area occurred prior to dispersal within either area.
Resumen
Se llevaron a cabo analisis cladísticos y fenéticos de la variación morfológica, del ADN del cloroplasto y de las isoenzimas, para examinar las relaciones entre múltiples especímenes de Sphenostylis stenocarpa, que re presentan poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas de todo el rango de distribución de la especie. En los analisis morfométricos y de isoenzimas, se detectó mayor variabilidad entre las poblaciones silvestres que entre las cultivadas, y no se encontraron diferencias entre las razas cultivadas para tubérculo y las cultivadas para semillas. El ADN del cloroplasto, sin embargo, reveló cinco grupos de plastomas: uno en los especímenes cultivados para tubérculo, uno en los cultivados para semillas, y tres en los silvestres. Por otra parte, evidencias lingüisticas y observaciones de los usos de la especie en sus dos principales areas de cultivo, sugieren un origen independiente de las razas cultivadas para tubérculo y de las cultivadas para semillas. Los datos soportan dos expli caciones alternativas de la distribución de las formas cultivadas existentes de S. stenocarpa. La primera hipótesis es que la especie fue domesticada independientemente en el centro y en el oeste de Africa, pero ambos eventos involucraron selección a partir de un germoplasma único y res tringido. La segunda hipótesis es que hubo un único evento de domesticaciún en una de las dos reas, pero que la dispersión por humanos hacia la segunda rea ocurrió antes que la dispersión dentro de la primera.
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Potter, D., Doyle, J.J. Origins of the African Yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa, leguminosae): evidence from morphology, isozymes, chloroplast DNA, and linguistics. Econ Bot 46, 276–292 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866626
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866626