Skip to main content
Log in

Recent interpretations of the relationships of the Hepaticae

  • Published:
The Botanical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literature Cited

  1. Allen, C. E. Haploid and diploid generations. Amer. Naturalist71: 193–205. 1937.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Berry, E. W. The origin of land plants. Johns Hopkins Univ., Studies in Geol. No.14. 1–91. 1945.

  3. Bold, H. C. The nutrition of the sporophyte in the Hepaticae. Am. Jour. Bot.25: 551–557. 1938.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bower, F. O. An antithetic as distinct from homologous alternation of generations in plants. Ann. Bot.4: 347–370. 1890.

    Google Scholar 

  5. -. The origin of a land flora. 727 pp. 1908.

  6. -. Primitive land plants. The Archegoniatae. 658 pp. 1935.

  7. Buch, H. Suomen Maksasammalet. 116 pp. 1936.

  8. et al. A preliminary check list of the Hepaticae of Europe and America (north of Mexico). Ann. Bryol.10: 3–8. 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Campbell, D. H. A remarkable development of the sporophyte inAnthoceros fusiformis, Aust. Ann. Bot.38: 473–483. 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  10. -. Mosses and ferns. 3rd ed. 708 pp. 1928.

  11. — The relationships of the Hepaticae. Bot. Rev.2: 53–66. 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  12. -. The evolution of the land plants. [Embryophyta.] 731 pp. 1940.

  13. Castle, H. In E. Sinnott, Botany, principles and problems. 726 pp. 1946.

  14. Cavers, F. The inter-relationships of the Bryophyta. New Phytol. Reprints, No. 4. 1–203. 1911.

  15. Chadefaud, M. La position systematique des hépatiques à thalle. Rev. Sci.78: 176–177. 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  16. — Essai sur la valeur morphologique de la capsule sporangiale des Bryophytes. Trav. Bryol., Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. [Paris]1: 71–82. 1942. (1945 in U.S.)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Chamberlain, C. J. Gymnosperms. 484 pp. 1935.

  18. Church, A. H. Thalassiophyta and the subaerial transmigration. Oxford Bot. Mem. No. 3. 1–95. 1919.

  19. Eames, A. J. Morphology of vascular plants (lower groups). 433 pp. 1936.

  20. Evans, A. W. The classification of the Hepaticae. Bot. Rev.5: 49–96. 1939.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. — List of Hepaticae found in the United States, Canada and Arctic America. Bryologist40: 133–138. 1940.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Fritsch, F. E. The structure and reproduction of the algae. I. 791 pp. 1935.

  23. Frye, T. C. andLois Clark. Hepaticae of North America. I–VI. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol.6: 1–162. (pt. I) 1937;6: 163–336 (pt. II) 1943;6: 337–564 (pt. III) 1945;6: 565–733 (pt. IV) 1946. (pts. V and VI not yet published.)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Fulford, M. Development of sporelings in the Lejeuneaceae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club69: 627–633. 1942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. — Sporelings and vegetative reproduction in the genusCeratolejeunea. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club71: 638–654. 1944.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Goebel, K. Organographie der Pflanzen insbesondere der Archegoniaten und Samenpflanzen. Zweiter Teil. Bryophyten-Pteridophyten. Dritte Auflage. 645–1378. 1930.

  27. Harris, T. M. Naiadita, a fossil bryophyte with reproductive organs. Ann. Bryol.12: 57–70. 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Howe, M. A. Hepaticae and Anthocerotes of California. Mem. Torrey Club7: 1–208. 1899.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kashyap, S. R. The relationships of liverworts, especially in the light of some recently discovered Himalayan forms. Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal (N.S.)15: clii-clxvi. 1919.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Smith, G. M. Cryptogamic botany. I. Algae and Fungi. 545 pp. 1938.

  31. -. Cryptogamic botany. II. Bryophytes and Pteriodophytes. 380 pp. 1938.

  32. Studhalter, R. A. Independence of the sporophyte inRiella andSphaerocarpus. Ann. Bryol.11: 153–154. 1938.

    Google Scholar 

  33. — The foot ofRiella americana and its relation to nutrition of the sporophyte. Bot. Gaz.103: 633–650. 1942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Wettstein, R. Handbuch der systematischen Botanik. II Band. 577 pp. 1903–1908.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This paper was undertaken at the request of the Editor, as the ten-year supplement to Dr. Campbell’s “The Relationships of the Hepaticae”, Bot. Rev. 2: 53–66. 1936. However, as the work progressed, it became evident that any understandable summary of the recent, widely diverse views relating to the relationships of hepatics must of necessity also include something of the factual evidence, the basic principles and the background of ideas by way of which the more recent interpretations have evolved. For this reason I have taken the liberty of expanding the scope of the paper, reiterating some of the material already presented by Dr. Campbell and including some additional older works as well, in order to present in outline the concepts of relationships, and also to give an outline of the principle steps in phylogeny in interpreting the hepatics either as a progressive evolutionary series or as a regressive series. The evaluation of the theories and their more recent interpretations is left to the reader.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fulford, M. Recent interpretations of the relationships of the Hepaticae. Bot. Rev 14, 127–173 (1948). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02861552

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02861552

Keywords

Navigation