Skip to main content
Log in

Fine structure in degraded, ancient and buried wood, and in other fossilized plant derivatives. II

  • Published:
The Botanical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Alpern, B., andPrégermain, S. Application de microscope électronique à l’étude de la constitution des houilles. Bull. Micr. Appl.6: 16–26. 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, C. A. The petrifaction of wood. Mineralogist.9: 323–324, 353–355. 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, I. W. Cell wall structure of higher plants. Ind. & Eng. Chem.30: 40–47. 1938.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, B. K., Datta, D. P., andLahiri, A. X-ray study on Indian lignite. Quart. Jour. Geol., Min. & Met. Soc. India31: 17–21. 1959.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barghoorn, E. S., andScott, R. A. Degradation of the plant cell wall and its relation to certain tracheary features of the Lepidodendrales. Amer. Jour. Bot.45: 222–227. 1958.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, C. B. “Levicaulisarranensis,” gen.et sp; nov., a lycoposid axis from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin.3: 445–457. 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biennial Carbon Conferences. Third Conf., Buffalo, 1957; Fourth Conf., Buffalo, 1959; Fifth Conf., Pennsylvania, 1961.

  • Brown, H. R., andTaylor, G. H. Some remarkable Antarctic coals. Fuel40: 211–224. 1961.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —— Electron microscopic observations of structures in thin sections of coal. Nature193: 1146–1148. 1962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charrier, G. I legni silicizzati del Neogene piemontese. Riv. Ital. Pal. e Strat.58: 123–144. 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coal Research in C.S.I.R.O., Australia. Structure of brown coal and lignin.10: 5–7. 1960;-Chemical structure of brown coals. 17: 7–8. 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, R. X-ray studies of some carbonized coals. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.252: 193–223. 1960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durie, R. A., Lynch, B. M., andSternhell, S. Comparative studies of brown coal and lignin. Austral. Jour. Chem.13: 156–168. 1960.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutcher, R. R., andSpackman, W. Electron microscopic observation of vitrinitic materials. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer.71: 1855. 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eicke, R. Neues über die Feinstruktur der Zellwand verkieselter Hölzer. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.65: 246–248. 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. Was können elektronenmikroskopische Bilder über den Vorgans der Verkieselung fossiler Hölzer aussagen? Zeits. Wiss. Mikr. Techn.61: 302–305. 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. Elektronenmikroskopische Unterschungen an verkieselten Coni-feren. Palaeontographica. B.97: 36–46. 1954a.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. Beitrag zur Frage des Hoftüpfelbaues der Coniferen. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.67: 213–217. 1954b.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. Elektronenmikroskopische Unterschungen an Gymnospermenhöl-zern als Beitrag zur Phylogenie der Gnetales. Bot. Jahrb.77: 193–217. 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdtman, G. Pollen and spore morphology. Plant taxonomy (An Introduction to Palynology. II). Stockholm. 1957.

  • Ergun, S. Graphite-like layers in coals and high vacuum distillation products. Fuel37: 365–370. 1958.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —, andTiensuu, V. H. Interpretation of the intensities of X-rays scattered by coals. Fuel38: 64–78. 1959.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fourth Congress for Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology. [Unpub-lished]. Heerlen. 1958.

  • Francis, W. Coal. 2nd Ed. Edward Arnold (Publ.) Ltd., London. 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freund, H. Mikroskopie der Steinkohle, des Kokses und der Braunkohle.In: Mikroskopie der Bodenschätze (Handbuch der Mikroskopie in der Technik) Vol.2: 1951.

  • Frey-Wyssling, A. Macromolecules in cell structure. The John N. Prather Lectures, 1956. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, and Oxford Univ. Press, London. 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. Die pflanzliche Zellwände. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fry, W. L. A study of the Carboniferous lycopod,Paurodendron gen. nov. Amer. Jour. Bot.41: 415–428. 1954.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallwitz, H. Kalk, Kieselsaure und Schwefeleisen in der Braunkohle der Gegend von Klettwitz (N.-L.). Pal. Zeits.29: 33–37. 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, E. D., andParker, R. H. Phosphatized wood from the Pacific sea floor. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer.71: 631–632. 1960.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gothan, W. Zur Anatomie lebender und fossiler Gymnospermenhölzer. Abh. Preuss. Geol. Landesamt. N. F.14: 1904.

  • Grayson, J. F. The conversion of calcite to fluorite. Micropaleontology2: 71–78. 1956.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, F. Analyse eines fossiler Hölzes. Chem. Zeits.131: 1168. 1910.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henes, E. Fossile Wandstrukturen, untersucht am Beispiel der Tracheiden-wände paläozoischer Gefässpflanzen.In: Zimmermann, W., and P. G. Ozenda [Ed.] Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie. Vol. 3(5). Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin-Nikolassee. 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, Charles G. Significance of some fossil wood from California. Science134 (3477): 473–474. 1961.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • International Congress and Comm. Coal Petrology, 1958, 1960.

  • Kundu, B. C., andPreston, R. D. The fine structure of the phloem fibres. I. Untreated and swollen hemp. Proc. Roy. Soc. B.128: 214–231. 1940.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, C. E. Coal petrology. Econ. Geol.50: 757–834. 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCartney, J. T., Electron microscopy of coal. Econ. Geol.44: 617–620. 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCartney, J. T., Ergun, S., andWalline, R. E. Electron microscopic ob-servations of structure in ultra-thin sections of vitrinite in coal. Nature191: 1361–1363. 1961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCartney, J. T., Walline, R. E., andErgun, S. Preparation of ultra-thin sections of coal. U. S. Bur. Mines, Rep. Invest.5885: 1–5. 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mentser, M., O’Donnell, H. J., andErgun, S. X-ray scattering intensities of anthracities and meta-anthracites. Fuel41: 153–161. 1962.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Stoll, W. R. Mikroskopie des zersetzten und fossilisierten Hölzes.In: Freund, H. [ed.] Mikroskopie des Hölzes und des Papiers (Hand-buch der Mikroskopie in der Technik). Vol. 5: 727–816. 1951.

  • Narayanamurti, D., Ghosh, S. S., Prasad, B. N., andVerma, G. M. Unter-schungen an attem Holz aus dem Flubbett des Ganga bei Mokameh, Bihar. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.16: 55–58. 1960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Northcote, D. H. The cell wall of higher plants. Biol. Rev.33: 53–102. 1958.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preston, G. D., andCuckow, F. W. Electron-micrographs of coal. Brit. Coal Util. Res. Assoc, Proc. Conf. Ultrafine Struct. Cokes & Coals: 334–335. 1944.

  • Purelis, G. A. Microstructure of fossil plant cell walls. Amer. Jour. Bot.49: 663. 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roelofsen, P. A. The plant cell wall.In: Zimmermann, W. and P. G. Ozenda [ed.] Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie. Vol. 3 (4). Gebrüder Born-traeger, Berlin-Nikolassee. 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Second Conference on the Origin and Constitution of Coal. Crystal Cliffs, Nova Scotia. 1952.

  • Second International Conference on Coal Science, Valkenburg. The Netherlands. Nature180: 417–419. 1957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, J. Fine structure in degraded, ancient and buried wood, and other fossilized plant derivatives. Bot. Rev.22: 343–374. 1956a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. The organization of structural units in fossil wood. Riv. Ital. Pal. e Stratigrafia62: 221–224. 1956b.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. X-ray diffraction study of inorganic structural units in a fusinized fossil plant (Vertebraria indica). Geol. Fören. Förhandl.79: 251–256. 1957.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —. Further studies on the structure and composition of variably de-graded ancient woody tissues. Palaeobotanist9: 32–48. 1960/62.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andBasak, R. K. The chemistry of ancient buried wood. Geol. Fören. Förhandl.79: 737–758. 1957.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schönfeld, E. Die Kieselhölzer aus der Braunkohle von Bohlen bei Leipzig. Palaeontographica. B.99: 1–83. 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, S. M. The plant cell wall. Pergamon Press, Oxford, London, New York and Paris. 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Third Congress for Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology (Troisième Congrès pour l’Avancement des Études de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère. I-II). Heerlen. 1951 (1952).

  • Tomkeieff, S. I. Coal and bitumens and related fossil carbonaceous sub stances; nomenclature and classification. Pergamon Press, London. 1954

    Google Scholar 

  • Treiber, E. [ed.] Die Chemie der Pflanzenzellwand. Beitrag zur Morphologie, Physik, Chemie u. Technologie der Cellulose und ihrer Begleiter. 1957.

  • Turnau-Morawska, M. The problem of mineralization of fossil wood. Ann. Soc. Geol. Pologne28: 409–426. 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upshaw, C. F., Todd, R. G., andAllen, B. D. Fluoridzation of microfossils. Jour. Pal.81: 793–795. 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Krevelen, D.W., andSchuyer, J. Coal Science. Elsevier Pub. Co. Amsterdam. 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waisman, B. A., Krivitzkii, M. D., andKrigman, F. E. [Electronmicroscopic investigation on the forms of transitional pores in coal]. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR97: 1031. 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasserburg, G. J. The effects of H2O in silicate systems. Jour. Geol.65: 15–23. 1957.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wesley, A., andKuyper, B. Electron-microscopic observations on the xylem elements of a fossil plant. Nature168: 137–140. 1951.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker, J. W. The nature of coal. (A symposium held at the Central Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad). Nature183: 1438–1440. 1959.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, J. A. The solubility of quartz at high temperatures and pressures. Amer. Jour. Sci.256: 40–47. 1958.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yasui, K. On the alteration of the cell wall in the process of coalification, with special reference to the optical property of the wall. Bot. Mag.39: 280–290. 1925.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann, G. Anatomische Unterschungen an Kieselhölzern aus dem Stu-bensandstein Württembergs. Palaeontographica93B: 69–102. 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitra, G. B., and Sen, J. X-ray diffraction study of inorganic structural units in fossil wood. Amer. Jour. Sci.254: 257–259. 1956.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, J. Orientation of quartz grains in some Indian silicified woods. Palaeo-botanist4: 77–82. 1955.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Supplement to article in The Botanical Review.22: 343–374. 1956.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sen, J. Fine structure in degraded, ancient and buried wood, and in other fossilized plant derivatives. II. Bot. Rev 29, 230–242 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860822

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860822

Keywords

Navigation