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Variation among the Aureoid Senecios of North America: A geohistorical interpretation

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Abstract

The Aureoid group ofSenecio (Asteraceae) includes 59 species, most of which occur in western temperate North America. They share a syndrome of traits and have notably imprecise species boundaries. They are separable into three imperfectly marked subgroups, the Aurei, Lobati, and Tomentosi, each of which centers about one or two widespread and variable species. The Aurei have Arcto-Tertiary affinities and are regarded as primitive. Subsequent evolutionary diversification produced the Tomentosi in the cool, dry regions of the northern Cordillera and the Lobati in the warmer cordilleran regions of the Great Basin and Southwestern deserts. Certain Eastern outliers are regarded as relicts of migrations eastward at the front of a receding glacier, whereas others are relicts of migrations during the Post-glacial Hypsithermal period. The apparent combination of a pliable cytological structure, obligate outbreeding, and good seed dispersal has given the Aureoid senecios an ability to hybridize and presumably to introgress easily, although direct evidence is scant. Continual climatic change and subsequent migrations of plants have produced repeated meetings and introgressions among related Aureoid species, which in turn maintain the notably blurred species boundaries of the group.

Resúmen

El grupo Aureoídeo deSenecio (Asteraceae) incluye 59 especies, la mayoría de las cuales ocurren en zonas templadas del oeste de Norte América. Los márgenes de las especies son muy imprecisos y éstas comparten muchos caracteres comunes. Las especies son separabales en tres subgrupos imperfectamente marcados (Aurei, Lobati y Tomentosi), cada subgrupo teniendo como centro una o dos especies ampliamente distribuidas y variabales. El subgrupo Aurei tiene relaciones con especies del período Arcto-Terciário y se considera primitivo. La subsecuente diversificación evolutiva produjo los subgrupos Tomentosi en las regiones frias y áridas del norte de la Cordillera y el Lobati en las regiones mas cálidas del “Great Basin” y de los desiertos del suroeste. Algunas especies del este se consideran reliquias de migraciones hacia el este al frente de un glacial en retroceso, mientras que otras son reliquias de migraciones en el período Hipsotérmico Post-Glacial. La aparente combinación de una estructura citológica flexible, la prevención de autocruzamiento y una buena dispersión de las semillas ha dado a los senecios Aureoídeos la abilidad de hibridarze con facilidad; sin embargo, la evidencia es limitada. Cambios climáticos continuos y migraciones subsecuentes de plantas han resultado en encuentros continuous e introgresiones entre las especies Aureoídeas emparentadas; estos mantienen los márgenes imprecisos entre las especies.

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Barkley, T.M. Variation among the Aureoid Senecios of North America: A geohistorical interpretation. Bot. Rev 54, 82–105 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858519

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