Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bi-normalized response spectral characteristics of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake

  • Published:
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To develop uniform and seismic environment-dependent design spectrum, common acceleration response spectral characteristics need to be identified. In this paper, a bi-normalized response spectrum (BNRS) is proposed, which is defined as a spectrum of peak response acceleration normalized with respect to peak acceleration of the excitation plotted vs. the natural period of the system normalized with respect to the spectrum predominant period,Tp. Based on a statistical analysis of records from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, the conventionally normalized response spectrum(NRS) and the BNRS are examined to account for the effects of soil conditions, epicentral distance, hanging wall and damping. It is found that compared to the NRS, the BNRS is much less dependent on these factors. Finally, some simple relationships between the BNRS for a specified damping ratio and that for a damping ratio of 5%, and between the spectra predominant period and epicentral distance for different soil types are provided.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Clough R and Pension J (1993),Dynamics of Structures, New York: McGraw Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Housner GW (1959), “Behavior of Structures During Earthquakes,”Mech. Div, ASCE,85(EM4): 109–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabestari KT and Yamazaki F (2003), “Near-Fault Spatial Variation in Strong Ground Motion due to Rupture Directivity and Hanging Wall Effects from the Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake,”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,32:2197–2219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chinese Building Code (2001), “GB50011-2001, Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (2001 Edition),” China Building Industry Publisher, Beijing, (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • IAEE (1996), “Regulations for Seismic Design: A World List-1996,” International Association for Earthquake Engineering.

  • Lee WHK, Shin TCet al. (2001), “CWB Free-Field Strong-Motion Data from the 921 Chi-Chi Earthquake: Processed Acceleration Files on CD-ROM. Strong-Motion Data Series CD-001,” Seismological Observation Center, Central Weather Bureau.

  • Mohraz B (1976), “A Study of Earthquake Response Spectra for Different Geological Conditions,”Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.,66(3): 915–935.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohraz B (1992), “Recent Studies of Earthquake Ground Motion and Amplification,”Proc. 10th World Conf. Earthquake Eng., Madrid, Spain, pp.6695–6704.

  • Mohsen T and Farzaneh H (2002), “Influence of Earthquake Source Parameters and Damping on Elastic Response Spectra for Iranian Earthquakes,”Engineering Structures,24: 933–943.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rathje EM, Abrahamon NA and Bray JD (1998), “Simplified Frequency Content Estimates of Earthquake Ground Motions,”J. Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE,124(2): 150–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathje EM, Faraj F, Russell S and Bray JD (2004), “Empirical Relationships for Frequency Content Parameters of Earthquake Ground Motions,”Earthquake Spectra,20(1): 119–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robert EB and David RB (2000), “The Seismic Provisions of the 1997 Uniform Building Code,”Earthquake Spectra,16(1): 85–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seed HB, Ugas C and Lysmer J (1976), “Site-dependent Spectra for Earthquake-resistance Design,”Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.,66(1): 221–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somerville PG, Smith NFW, Graves Ret al. (1997), “Modification of Empirical Strong Ground Motion Attenuation Relations to Include the Amplitude and Duration Effects of Rupture Directivity,”Seis. Res. Lett.,68(1): 199–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang GQ, Zhou XYet al. (2002), “Characteristics of Amplitude and Duration for Near Fault Strong Ground Motion from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake,”Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,22: 73–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Lili and Yu Shuangjiu (1982),The Theory of Strong Earthquake Motion Measurement and Analysis, Beijing: Earthquake Press, (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China

    Xu Longjun (Ph. D Candidate) & Xie Lili (Professor)

  2. Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Seismological Bureau, 150080, Harbin, China

    Xie Lili (Professor)

Authors
  1. Xu Longjun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xie Lili
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xu Longjun.

Additional information

Supported by: Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation Under Project No. ZGJ03-03 and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China Through Project No. 20030213042

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Longjun, X., Lili, X. Bi-normalized response spectral characteristics of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib. 3, 147–155 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858230

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858230

Keywords

Search

Navigation