Skip to main content
Log in

Measurements of ultrasonic absorption in rubber

  • Published:
Il Nuovo Cimento (1955-1965)

Summary

Absorption measurements of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in vulcanized natural rubber with and without carbon loading (50/100 carbon to rubber) are presented within the temperature and frequency ranges from 4 °C to 70 °C and from 0.4 MHz to 4 MHz. Experimental data were obtained by measuring, with a torsion balance, ultrasonic attenuation due to rubber samples immersed in water. Diagrams of absorption versus temperature for carbon loaded natural rubber show the usual behaviour of vulcanized rubbers. Corresponding diagrams for unloaded natural rubber show minima which indicate discrimination between two different relaxation effects. An unusual example of absorption decreased by carbon loading has been detected.

Riassunto

Si riportano misure di assorbimento delle onde ultrasonore longitudinali in gomma naturale vulcanizzata, senza carica e con 50 parti di nero fumo per 100 di gomma, per frequenze tra 0,4 MHz e 4 MHz e temperature tra 4 °C e 70 °C. I coefficienti di assorbimento sono stati ottenuti misurando, mediante una bilancia di torsione, l’attenuazione che subisce un fascio di ultrasuoni propagantesi in acqua, nell’attraversare i campioni di gomma. L’assorbimento, in funzione della temperatura, presenta, per la gomma con carica, il comportamento già noto per le gomme sia naturali che sintetiche. Quello relativo alla gomma naturale senza carica presenta un minimo, che indica una separazione tra due diversi effetti di rilassamento. Si è trovato un esempio di diminuzione del coefficiente di assorbimento con la carica.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Footnotes

  1. P. Hatfield:Brit. Journ. Appl. Phys.,1, 252 (1950).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. A. W. Nolle andS. C. Mowry:Journ. Acoust. Soc. Am.,20, 432 (1948).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. D. G. Ivey, B. A. Mrowka andE. Guth:Journ. Appl. Phys.,20, 486 (1949).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. W. Nolle andP. W. Siek:Journ. Appl. Phys.,23, 888 (1952).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. H. J. McSkimin:Journ. Acoust. Soc. Am.,22, 413 (1950);23, 429 (1951).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. W. P. Mason, W. O. Baker, J. H. McSkimin andJ. H. Heiss:Phys. Rev.,73, 1074 (1948);

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. W. P. Mason, W. O. Baker, J. H. McSkimin andJ. H. Heiss:Phys. Rev.,75, 936 (1949).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. W. P. Mason andH. J. McSkimin:Bell. Syst. Tech. Journ.,31, 122 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. W. O. Baker andJ. H. Heiss:Bell. Syst. Tech. Journ.,31, 306 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. G. W. Willard:Journ. Acoust. Soc. Am.,23, 83 (1951).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. An extensive bibliography about methods is to be found in a recent paper byW. O. Baker andJ. H. Heiss (8)W. O. Baker andJ. H. Heiss:.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nearly the same composition has been already used for low frequency measurements (10).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. W. Nolle:Journ. Polym. Science,5, 1 (1950).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. F. E. Borgnis:Journ. Acousl. Soc. Am.,24, 468 (1952).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. J. J. Markham, R. T. Beyer andR. B. Lindsay:Rev. Mod. Phys.,23, 353 (1951).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. R. D. Fay andO. V. Fortier:Journ. Acoust. Soc. Am.,23, 339 (1951).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. S. Sack andR. W. Aldrich:Phys. Rev.,75, 1285 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  18. H. Keller:Der Ultraschall in der Medizin (Zürich, 1949) pag. 77.

  19. T. Alfrey:Mechanical Behaviour of High Polymers (New York, 1948).

  20. J. Rehner Jr.:Journ. Appl. Phys.,14, 638 (1943).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. E. Guth:Journ. Appl. Phys.,16, 20 (1945).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. D. Parkinson:Trans. Inst. Rubber Industry,21, 7 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  23. S. Oberto andG. Palandri:The Rubber Age,63, 725 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  24. R. A. Rapuano:Phys. Rev.,72, 78 (1947).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gabrielli, I., Iernetti, G. Measurements of ultrasonic absorption in rubber. Nuovo Cim 1, 403–413 (1955). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02855169

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02855169

Navigation