Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Succession of plant communities and soil development

  • Published:
Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Changes of plant communities (or biotic communities) are classified according to their causes. The term succession is restricted inClements' original sense to gradual directional replacemental changes of phytocenoses (or biocenoses) caused by their reaction upon the environment including soil development and a classification of succession is proposed. Gradual changes of communities caused by external factors are termed adaptive changes. The connection between succession and soil development as a unified process as well as the concept of climax as its result are discussed. A brief historical survey of the theory of succession as well as soil development is presented and definitions of some successional terms are proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  • Braun-Blanquet, J. (1928): Pflanzensoziologie, Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde.— Springer Verl., Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun-Blanquet, J. (1932): Plant sociology.—McGraw-Hill book comp., New York et London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun-Blanquet, J. (1964): Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. 3. Aufl.— Springer Verl., Wien et New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun-Blanquet, J. etJenny, H. (1926): Vegetations-Entwicklung und Bodenbildung in der alpinen Stufe der Zentralalpen.—Denkschrift. schweiz. naturforsch. Ges., Zürich, 63/2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bykov, B. A. (1953): Geobotanika.—Izd. Akad. Nauk Kazachs. SSR., Alma-Ata.

    Google Scholar 

  • Churchill, E. D. etHanson, H. C. (1958): The concept of climax in arctic and alpine vegetation.—Botan. Rev., New York, 24: 127–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clements, F. E. (1907): Plant physiology and ecology.—London.

  • Clements, F. E. (1916): Plant succession. An analysis of the development of vegetation.— Carnegie Instit. of Washington, Publ. 242; pp. 3–179, 182–183 and 423–442 reprinted intact also inClements, F. E. (1928): Plant succession and indicators.—New York, pp. 1–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clements, F. E. (1936): Nature and structure of the climax.—Journ. Ecol., Cambridge, 24: 252–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowles, H. C. (1899): The ecological relations of the vegetation on the sand dunes of Lake Michigan. 1. Geographical relations of the dune floras.—Botan. Gazette, Chicago, 27: 95–117, 169–202, 281–308, 361–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowles, H. C. (1901): The physiographic ecology of Chicago and vicinity; a study of the origin, development, and classification of plant societies.—Botan. Gazette, Chicago, 31: 73–108, 145–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowles, H. C. (1911): The causes of vegetative cycles.—Botan. Gazette, Chicago, 51: 161–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domin, K. (1923): Is the evolution of the Earth's vegetation tending towards a small number of climatic formations?.—Acta botan. bohem., Praha, 2: 54–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Rietz, G. E. (1921): Zur methodologischen Grundlage der modernen Pflanzensoziologie.— Wien.

  • Du Rietz, G. E. (1930a): Vegetationsforschung auf soziationsanalytischer Grundlage.—Abderhalden's Handb. biol. Arbeitsmeth. 11/5: 293–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Rietz, G. E. (1930b): Classification and nomenclature of vegetation.—Svensk bot. Tidskr., Uppsala, 24: 489–503.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furrer, E. (1914): Vegetationsstudien im Bormiesischen.—Mitt. botan. Mus. Univ. Zürich, Zürich, 68.

  • Furrer, E. (1922): Begriff und System der Pflanzensukzession.—Vierteljahrsschr. Natursch. Ges. Zürich, Zürich, 67: 132–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gams, H. (1918): Prinzipienfragen der Vegetationsforschung.—Vierteljahrsschr. Naturforsch. Ges. Zürich, Zürich, 63: 293–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geiger, R. (1961): Das Klima der bodennahen Luftschicht.—Braunschweig.

  • Kerner, A. (1863): Das Pflanzenleben der Donauländer.—Innsbruck.

  • Kershaw, K. A. (1964): Quantitative and dynamic ecology.—E. Arnold Ltd., London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubiëna, W. (1948): Entwicklungslehre des Bodens.—Springer Verl., Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubiëna, W. (1953): Bestimmungsbuch und Systematik der Böden Europas.—Enke-Verl., Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laatsch, W. (1957): Dynamik der mitteleuropäischen Mineralböden.—Steinkopf-Verl., Dresden et Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavrenko, E. M. (1959): Osnovnyje zakonomernosti rastitel'nych soobščestv i puti ich izučenjia (Main principles governing plant communities and the ways of thier investigation).— inLavrenko, E. M. etKorčagin, a. A. (1959): Polevaja geobotanika (Field geobotany). —Izd. AN SSSR, Moskva et Leningrad, 1: 13–75.

  • Lippmaa, T. (1933): Aperçu général sur la végétation autochtone du Lautaret (Hautes Alpes) avec des remarques critiques sur quelques notions phytosociologiques.—Acta Inst. et Horti Botan. Univ. Tartu, 3/3: 1–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüdi, W. (1919): Die Sukzession der Pflanzenvereine.—Mitt. Naturforsch. Ges. Bern, Bern, 1919.

  • Lüdi, W. (1921): Die Pflanzengesellschaften des Lauterbrunnentales und ihre Sukzession.— Beitr. geobot. Landesaufnahme 9, Zürich.

  • Neuhäusl, R. etNeuhäuslová, Z. (1968): Mesophile Waldgesellschaften in Südmähren.— Rozpr. Čs. akad. Věd, cl. math.—nat., Praha, 78/11.

  • Pallmann, H. (1934): Über Bodenbildung und Bodenserien in der Schweiz.—Ernährung d. Pflanze, Berlin, 30: 225–234.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pallmann, H. (1943): Über Waldböden.—Beih. Zeitschr. schweiz. Forstvereins, Nr. 21: 113–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pallmann, H. etHafter, P. (1933): Pflanzensoziologische und bodenkundliche Untersuchungen im Oberengadin mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Zwergstrauchgesellschaften der OrdnungRhodoreto-Vaccinietalia.—Ber. schweiz. bot. Ges., Basel et Geneva, 42/2: 357–466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patten, B. C. (1959): An introduction to the cybernetics of the ecosystem: The trophicdynamic aspect.—Ecology, Durham (USA), 40: 221–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selleck, G. W. (1960): The climax concept.—Botan. Rev., New York, 26: 534–545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegrist, R. (1913): Die Auenwälder der Aare mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihres genetischen Zusammenhanges mit anderen flussbedingten Pflanzengesellschaften.—Mitt. Aargauischen Naturforsch. Ges., Aargau, 1913.

  • Sukačev, V. N. (1950): O nekotorych osnovnych voprosach fitocenologii.—Problemy botaniki, Moskva et Leningrad, 1: 449–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tansley, A. G. (1920): The classification of vegetation and the concept of development.— Journ. Ecol., Cambridge, 8: 118–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tansley, A. G. (1929): Succession: the concept and its values.—Proc. internat Cong. Plant. Sci., Ithaca, New York, 1926, pp. 677–686.

  • Tansley, A. G. (1935): The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms.—Ecology, New York, 16: 284–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, H. (1954): Klimax und zonale Vegetation.—Festschr. E. Aichinger. Angew. Pflanzensoz., Wien, I: 144–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warming, E. (1896): Lehrbuch der ökologischen Pflanzengeographie.—Verl. Borntraeger, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, J. E. etClements, F. E. (1938): Plant ecology.—McGraw Hill book comp., New York et London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, R. H. (1953): A consideration of climax theory: The climax as a population and pattern.—Ecolg. Monogr., Durham (USA), 23: 41–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botanical Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Průhonice near Praha

    Jaroslav Moravec

Authors
  1. Jaroslav Moravec
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Moravec, J. Succession of plant communities and soil development. Folia geobot. phytotax. 4, 133–164 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854599

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854599

Keywords

Search

Navigation