Abstract
Between 1963 and 1976 a population of South American Andigena potatoes was subjected to six cycles of recurrent selection at Ithaca, N.Y. for adaptation to North Temperate conditions. This research was undertaken to measure the changes in adaptation and earliness that have taken place in the process of selection. Field experiments with different harvest dates and a controlled daylength experiment in the greenhouse in Ithaca showed: 1) an increase in percent tuberization, tuber weight and size, and harvest index; 2) no change in total fresh weight (haulm + tuber); and 3) a decrease in fresh weight of haulm. Greatest differences among cycles of selection were observed at the early harvest date. Tuberization on cuttings was well correlated with other measures of maturity. Cycles three and four, which were started from open-pollinated seed, tended to “revert” to the form of the original population in terms of late maturity (or low tuberization and yield at the early harvest date) and low harvest index. These results are interpreted as a gain in photoperiod adaptation and earliness with possible effects of mating system and selection pressure on the rate of progress.
Resumen
Entre 1963y 1976 se sometió una población de papas Andigena de Sud América a seis ciclos de selección recurrente por adaptación a las condiciones temperadas del hemisferio norte en Ithaca, Nueva York. Se emprendió esta investigación con el objeto de medir los cambios en adaptación y precocidad que hubieran tenido lugar durante el proceso de selección. Experimentos de campo con diferentes épocas de cosecha y un experimento de invernadero bajo condiciones de longitud de día controlados en Ithaca mostraron: 1) un incremento en el porcentaje de tuberización, peso y tamaño de tubérculos y en el índice de cosecha; 2) no se registró cambio en el peso fresco total (follaje + tubérculos); y 3) un decremento en el peso fresco del follaje. Las mayores diferencias entre ciclos de selección fueron observadas en las cosechas tempranas. La tuberización en esquejes estuvo bien correlacionada con otras medidas de maduración. Los ciclos 3 y 4, que fueron originados de semilla de polinización abierta, tendieron a “revertir” a la forma de población original en términos de maduración tardía (o baja tuberización y rendimiento en las cosechas tempranas) y bajo índice de cosecha. Estos resultados son interpretados como una ganancia en adaptación al fotoperíodo y en precocidad con posibles efectos del sistema de apareamiento y presión de selección en el grado de progreso conseguido.
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Paper No. 699. Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. This research was supported in part by the International Potato Center.
An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02855379.
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Rasco, E.T., Plaisted, R.L. & Ewing, E.E. Photoperiod response and earliness ofS. tuberosum ssp.andigena after six cycles of recurrent selection for adaptation to long days. American Potato Journal 57, 435–447 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854459
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854459