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Analysis of growth of Kennebec potatoes grown under differing environments in the tropics

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Abstract

Manipulation of agronomic practices is as important as developing heat tolerant cultivars to overcome constraints associated with potato production in the tropics. Data from experiments conducted in Hawaii to study the effects of season, elevation, irrigation, and fertility on growth and tuber yield of potato, were analysed using standard growth analysis techniques. The objective was to assess the effects of temperature, nutrient, and water availability on leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter production and partitioning in the cultivar Kennebec. Maximum LAI in summer was 1.7 times greater than LAI in winter. Maximum LAI at an elevation of 91 m was 1.5 times greater than LAI at an elevation of 1097 m. Irrigation increased LAI in summer and winter by as much as 3.1 and 2.5 times, respectively. The net assimilation rate (NAR) at tuber enlargement ranged from 3 to 5, and from 5 to 7 g/m2/day in summer and winter, respectively. Tuber and crop growth rate (TGR and CGR) were consistently greater in winter than summer. Irrigation and fertilization significantly increased TGR. Irrigation and fertilization also affected the partitioning coefficient (PC). That is (TGR/CGR). Plants from nonirrigated plots had higher PC values than plants from irrigated plots. Without fertilization, plants from severely eroded plots had higher PC values than plants from noneroded plots. In severely eroded plots, PC decreased with increasing fertilizer application.

Compendio

El manejo de las prácticas agronómicas es tan importante como el desarrollo de cultivares tolerantes al calor para eliminar los obstáculos asociados a la producción en los trópicos.

Se analizaron los resultados de los experimentos conducidos en Hawai para estudiar los efectos de la temporada, altitud, irrigación, y la fertilidad sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento en tubérculos de la papa, utilizando técnicas estándar de análisis del crecimiento. El objetivo fue el determinar los efectos de la temperatura, nutrientes, y disponibilidad de agua sobre el indice de área de hoja (IAH) y la production y distributión de materia seca en el cultivar Kennebec.

El IAH máximo en el verano fue 1,7 veces mayor que el IAH en el invierno. El IAH máximo a una altitud de 91 m fue 1,5 veces mayor que el IAH a una altitud de 1 097 m. La irrigation elevó el IAH en el verano y en el invierno en 3,1 y 2,5 veces, respectivamente. La tasa do asimilación neta (TAN) al momento del crecimiento de los tubérculos varió de 3 a 5, y de 5 a 7 g/m/día en verano e invierno, respectivamente. La tasa de crecimiento de los tubérculos y del cultivo

(TCT y TCC) fueron consistentemente mayores en el invierno que en el verano. La irrigatión y la fertilizatión incrementaron significativamente la TCT. También afectaron el coeficiente de distribución (CD). Es decir TCT/TCC. Las plantas de las parcelas no irrigadas tuvieron valores más altos de CD que las plantas de parcelas irrigadas. Sin fertilizatión, las plantas de las parcelas erosionadas severamente tuvieron valores de CD más altos que las plantas de parcelas no erosionadas. En las parcelas erosionadas severamente, el CD disminuyó con el incremento de fertilizante aplicado.

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This study was supported by the IBSNAT (International Benchmark Sites Network for Agrotechnology Transfer) Project, Department of Agronomy and Soil Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822.

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Manrique, L.A. Analysis of growth of Kennebec potatoes grown under differing environments in the tropics. American Potato Journal 66, 277–291 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854015

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854015

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