Abstract
Irrigation, nitrogen and gypsum were investigated in a 3-year study to determine their influence on specific gravity and internal physiological defects. Excess irrigation during August and September reduced specific gravity, increased the incidence of hollow heart, and in some years, internal brown spot. Tuber yields were not significantly affected by excess irrigation. Exclusion of late season irrigation, however, significantly reduced tuber yields.
No consistent yield response to nitrogen was evident, but a response up to 168 kg/ha was observed in 1987. Nitrogen rate did not effect hollow heart, internal brown spot or chip color.
The incidence of internal brown spot in the tubers of check treatments was quite variable from year to year, and ranged from 8 to 21%. The lowest incidence of internal brown spot observed in 1989 coincided with the highest calcium levels in the tuber peel. Although gypsum treated potatoes had reduced incidence of internal brown spot, the effects were partial and inconsistent. Significant increases in peel and petiole calcium concentrations in the gypsum treated plots only occurred in one year. The peel calcium levels appeared to be influenced more by the season and to a lesser extent by gypsum. Gypsum applications produced no effects on total or US#1 tuber yield, specific gravity, hollow heart, or chip color. Preliminary data also suggested that gypsum did not markedly influence the incidence of blackspot. Based on this study, a routine gypsum application to improve the tuber quality of the variety Atlantic is not recommended.
Compendio
Se investigaron la irrigación, el nitrógeno y el sulfato hidratado de calcio en un estudio de tres años, para determinar su influencia sobre la gravedad especifica y los defectos fisiológicos internos. El exceso de irrigación durante agosto y setiembre redujo la gravedad específica, incrementó la incidencia de corazón vacío, y en algunos años la de la mancha parda interna. Los rendimientos en tubérculos no fueron afectados significativamente por el exceso de irrigación. Sin embargo, la eliminación de la irrigación al final de la temporada redujo significativamente los rendimientos en tubérculos.
No hubo una respuesta consistente evidente del rendimiento al nitrógeno, pero en 1987 se observó una respuesta de hasta 168 kg/ha. La tasa de nitrógeno no afectó el corazón vacío, la mancha parda interna o el color de las papas fritas a la inglesa.
La incidencia de la mancha parda interna en los tubérculos de las tratamientos testigo varió mucho de año a año, de 8 a 21%. La incidencia más baja de mancha parda interna observada en 1989, coincidió con los niveles más altos de calcio en la cáscara del tuérculo. Aunque las papas tratadas con el sulfato hidratado de calcio tuvieron una incidencia reducida de mancha parda interna, los efectos fueron partiales e inconsistentes. Incrementos significativos en las concentraciones de calcio de la cáscara y el peciolo en las parcelas tratadas con sulfato hidratado de calcio se presentaron solamente en un año. Los niveles de calcio en la cáscara estuvieron posiblemente influenciados mayormente por la temporada y en menor grado por el sulfato hidratado de calcio. Las aplicaciones de sulfato hidratato de calcio no afectaron el rendimiento total de tubérculos ni el de tubérculos US#1; tampoco la gravedad específica, el corazón vacío o el color de las papas fritas a la inglesa. La información preliminar sugiere también que el sulfato hidratado de calcio no influye marcadamente sobre la incidencia de la mancha negra. Basándose en este estudio, una aplicación rutinaria de sulfato hidratado de calcio para mejorar la calidad del tubérculo de la variedad Atlantic, no es recomendable.
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Journal article No. 000116. This research was supported by a USDA-AES special grant 85-CRSR-2-2562.
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Silva, G.H., Chase, R.W., Hammerschmidt, R. et al. Irrigation, nitrogen and gypsum effects on specific gravity and internal defects of Atlantic potatoes. American Potato Journal 68, 751–765 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853806
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853806