Skip to main content
Log in

Techniques for detecting and measuring developmental and maturational changes in tuber native periderm

  • Published:
American Potato Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We developed a technique to quantitate native periderm permeability during tuber growth and maturation by porometrically determining vapor conductances. We also describe a simple, inexpensive means of determining the corresponding weight per unit area of suberized phellem cells (skin) in native periderm during tuber growth and maturation as a means of assessing the developmental status of native periderm. The porometric technique is very sensitive and rapid. Porometrically derived vapor conductances of mature native periderms were measured without difficulty, and native periderms were found to release ~0.005 moles of water vapor/meter2 native periderm surface/sec. into a dry test atmosphere. Immature native periderm released up to 28 times more water vapor than mature periderm even though the phellem cells were histochemically determined to possess both major components of suberin. We demonstrated use of the porometric technique by determining maturational changes in periderm permeability of growing/immature tubers and mature tubers at harvest. The technique revealed that the native periderm of Russet Burbank tubers was more permeable and had the potential to lose more water vapor, until becoming permeably mature, than Norchip or Norland tubers harvested on the same dates. The dry weight of the skin (phellem tissue) of native periderm (mg/ cm2) for all three cultivars increased during tuber growth, but plateaued to a relatively constant level, or slightly declined, while plants were still alive during the latter period of tuber growth. During this period, periderm vameable conductances were undergoing substantial declines. Comparison of skin dry weights of immature tubers indicated that stem end regions of tubers were developmentally ahead of equatorial and bud end regions; this difference decreased as the tubers matured at harvest time and was less apparent with some cultivars.

Compendio

Se ha desarrollado una técnica para cuantificar la permeabilidad del peridermo durante el crecimiento y la maduración del tubérculo por la determinación porométrica de las conductancias del vapor. Se describe también un medio simple y de bajo costo para determinar el peso correspondiente por unidad de área de células suberificadas del felógeno (piel) del peridermo original durante el crecimiento y la maduración como un medio para determinar el estado de desarrollo del peridermo original. La técnica porométrica es muy sensible y rápida. Las conductancias del vapor, obtenidas porométricamente, de los peridermos originales maduros se midieron sin dificultades y se encontró que el peridermo original liberaba ~0.005 moles de vapor de agua/m2 de superficie de peridermo original/ segundo en una atmósfera seca de prueba. El peridermo original inmaduro libera hasta 28 veces más vapor de agua que el peridermo maduro aunque sin embargo, se determinó histoquímicamente que las células del felógeno poseían los dos componentes principales de la suberina. Se demuestra la utilidad de la técnica porométrica determinando los cambios por la maduración en la permeabilidad del peridermo de tubérculos en crecimiento/inmaduros y en tubérculos maduros al momento de la cosecha. La técnica reveló que el peridermo original de los tubérculos de Russet Burbank era más permeable y tenía el potencial para perder más vapor de agua, hasta volverse maduro permeablemente, que los tubérculos de Norchip o Norland cosechados en las mismas fechas. El peso seco de la piel (felógeno) del peridermo original (mg/cm2) para los tres cultivares se incrementó durante el crecimiento del tubérculo, pero se mantuvo a un nivel relativamente constante o declinó ligeramente, mientras las plantas estaban aún vivas durante el último periodo de crecimiento del tubérculo. Durente este periodo, las conductancias del vapor del peridermo empezaron a declinar substancialmente. La comparación de los pesos secos de la piel de los tubérculos inmaduros indicó que el desarrollo de la zona de los extremos basales de los tubérculos estaba más adelantado que el de las zonas ecuatorial y apical; esta diferencia disminuyó conforme los tubérculos maduraron al momento de la cosecha y fue menos aparente con algunos cultivares.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  1. Appleman, C.O., W.D. Kimbrough and C.L. Smith. 1928. Physiological shrinkage of potatoes in storage. Bull. 303. U. of Maryland Agr Exp Sta 159–175.

  2. Artschwager, E. 1924. Studies on the potato tuber. J Agric Res 27: 809–935.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Braue, C.A., R.L. Wample, P.E. Kolattukudy and B.B. Dean. 1983. Relationship of potato tuber periderm resistance to plant water status. Am Potato J 60: 827–837.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Burton, W.G. 1973. Physiological and biochemical changes in the tuber as affected by storage conditions.In: Proceedings of the fifth triennial conference of the European Association for Potato Research. p. 63–81.

  5. Burton, W.G. 1989. Post-harvest physiology,In: The Potato (W.G. Burton, ed.); Longman Scientific and Technical, Essex, England. Chap 12: 423–522.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Burton, W.G., A. van Es and K.J. Hartmans. 1992. The physics and physiology of storage.In: The Potato Crop (P.M. Harris, ed.); Chapman and Hall, London, England. Chap 14: 608–727.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Halderson, J.L. and R.C. Henning. 1993. Measurements for determining potato tuber maturity. Am Potato J 70: 131–141.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kolattukudy, P.E. 1984. Biochemistry and function of cutin and suberin. Can J Bot 62: 2918–2933.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Love, S.L. and J.J. Pavek. 1989. Family and skin-type effects on storage losses in a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeding population. Am Potato J 66: 247–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Lulai, E.C. and W.C. Morgan. 1992. Histochemical probing of potato periderm with neutral red: a sensitive cytofluorochrome for the hydrophobic domain of suberin. Biotechnic and Histochemistry 67: 185–195.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lulai, E.C. and P.H. Orr. 1993. Determining the feasibility of measuring genotypic differences in skin-set. Am Potato J 70: 599–609.

    Google Scholar 

  12. McDermitt, D.K. 1990. Sources of error in the estimation of stomatal conductance and transpiration from porometer data. Hortscience 25 (12): 1538–1548.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Reeve, R.M., E. Hautala and M.L. Weaver. 1969a. Anatomy and compositional variation within potatoes. I. Developmental histology of the tuber. Am Potato J 46: 361–373.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Schippers, P.A. 1971. The influence of curing conditions on weight loss of potatoes during storage. Am Potato J 48(8): 278–286.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Soliday, C.L., P.E. Kolattukudy and R.W. Davis. 1979. Chemical evidence that waxes associated with the suberin polymer constitute the major diffusion barrier to water vapor. Planta 146: 607–614.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Storey, K.M.J. and H.V. Davies. 1992. Tuber quality.In: The Potato Crop, 2nd edition (P.M. Harris, ed.), Chap. 12, p. 506–569. Chapman and Hall, London, England.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Vogt, E., J. Schonherr and H.W. Schmidt. 1983. Water permeability of periderm membranes isolated enzymatically from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) Planta 158: 294–301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

A laboratory cooperatively operated by the Midwest Area, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture; the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; and the Red River Valley Potato Grower’s Association. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that also may be suitable.

This paper was prepared on official Government time and reports research paid for by U.S. taxpayers. The article and the research information, therefore, are in the public domain and cannot be copyrighted.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lulai, E.C., Orr, P.H. Techniques for detecting and measuring developmental and maturational changes in tuber native periderm. American Potato Journal 71, 489–505 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02851322

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02851322

Additional Key Words

Navigation