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Fungal pathogens andPratylenchus penetrans associated with preceding crops of clovers, winter wheat, and annual ryegrass and their influence on succeeding potato crops on Prince Edward Island

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Abstract

The incidence of soilborne fungal pathogens of potatoes and root lesion nematodes were determined in preceding crops of clovers, annual ryegrass, and winter wheat, in the succeeding potato crops and soils and severity of associated potato diseases recorded in two, 2-yr field trials. Differences were not evident in yearly recovery ofRhizoctonia solani, Verticil-Hum dahliae, V. alboatrum, andColletotrichum coccodes from previous crops and soils. However, overall trends were present with a higher recovery ofV. dahliae from wheat and a greater recovery ofR. solani from clover than either wheat or ryegrass. A previous crop of ryegrass resulted in lower levels ofR. solani in succeeding potato soils in both trials and after clover in one trial at the pre-harvest sampling time. In trial 1 greater numbers ofPratylenchus penetrans were recovered from clover soils than from soils of ryegrass or wheat. One instance of lower nematode recovery in potato soils following ryegrass occurred but no differences in their recovery from potato roots were observed. Potato wilt incidence was lowest after clovers. Stem rot severity was positively correlated with recovery ofR. solani andV. dahliae from potato stems and roots and negatively correlated withV. alboatrum from potato stems only. Nematode populations were not related to potato disease symptom severity ratings. Results reported herein indicate that only a portion of soilborne diseases of potatoes on Prince Edward Island may be related to previous crops produced in the 3-yr rotation selected for this study.

Compendio

Se determinaron las incidencias de los patógenos fungosos de la papa con origen en el suelo y de los nematodos de la lesión radicular en cultivos previos de tréboles, raygrás anual y trigo de invierno, en los cultivos posteriores de papa y en los suelos y la severidad de las enfermedades asociadas registrada en dos ensayos de dos años. Las diferencias no fueron evidentes en la recuperatión anual deRhizoctonia solani, Verticillium dahliae,V. Alboatrum yColletotrichum coccodes de cultivos anteriores y suelos. Sin embargo, se observaron tendencias generales, con una mayor recuperatión deV. dahliae del trigo y una mayor deR. solani del trebol que del trigo o del raygrás. Un cultivo previo de raygrás dio por resultado menores niveles deR. solani en suelos con cultivo subsecuente de papa en ambos ensayos y después de trébol en un ensayo al momento de tomarse una muestra previa a la cosecha. En el ensayo 1 se recuperaron mayores números dePratylenchus penetrans de suelos con tréboles que de suelos con raygrás o trigo. Se presentó un caso de baja recuperación de nematodos en suelos con papa a continuación de raygrás, pero no se observaron diferencias en su recuperación de las raíces de papa. La menor incidencia de la marchitez de la papa se observé después de los tréboles. La severidad de la pudrición del tallo estuvo positivamente correlacionada con la recuperatión deR. solani y V. dahliae de los tallows y raíces de papa y negativamente correlacionada conV. alboatrum de sólo los tallos de papa. Las poblaciones de nematodos no estuvieron relacionadas a los grados de severidad de los síntomas de la enfermedad en la papa. Los resultados reportados aquí indican que sólo una parte de las enfermedades de la papa con origen en el suelo en Prince Edward Island puede estar relacionada a cultivos previos producidos en la rotatión de tres años escogida para este estudio.

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Johnston, H.W., Celetti, M.J., Kimpinski, J. et al. Fungal pathogens andPratylenchus penetrans associated with preceding crops of clovers, winter wheat, and annual ryegrass and their influence on succeeding potato crops on Prince Edward Island. American Potato Journal 71, 797–808 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02849375

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