References
Barlo DK.The Process of Communication: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. New York: Henry Holt and Co, 1960.
Burrows HS, Tamblyn RM.Problem-Based Learning: An Approach to Medical Education, New York: Springer Verlag, 1980.
Coles C. Is problem-based learning the only way? In: Boud D, Feletti G, eds.The Challenge of Problem-Based Learning, London: Kogan Page Press, 1991: 295–307.
Neame RLB. Problem centered learning in medical education: The role of context in the development of process skills. In: Schmidt HG, De Volder ML, eds.Tutorials in Problem-Based Learning: A New Direction in Teaching the Health Profession. Assen Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1984.
Norman G. Does PBL make a difference? The Case of MedicinePedagogue 1991; 25 (4): 6.
Rangachari PK, Rosenfield J. The group triple jump: A process oriented examination for a problem-based course. (Personal communication).
Rangachari PK. Design of a problembased undergraduate course in pharmacology: Implications for the teaching of physiology.Am J Physiol 1991; 260: (Adv Physiol Edu 5): S14-S21.
Burford HJ, Ingenito AJ, Williams PB. Development and evaluation of patientoriented problem solving (POPS). materials in pharmacology.Acad Med 1990; 163: 689–693.
Schwartz PL, Fiddes TM, Alexander G. The case-based learning day: introducing problem-based learning into a traditional medical curriculum.Med Teach 1987; 9: 275–280.
Johansen M, Martenson DF, Bircher J. Student as tutors in problem-based learning: Does it work.Med Edu 1992; 26: 163–165.
Burrows HS.How to Design a Problem-Based Curriculum for the Preclinical Years. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1985.
Rangachari PK, Crankshaw DJ. Formative evaluation in a tutorial-based course. (Personal communication).
Malik SL, Manchanda SK, Deepak KK et al. The attitudes of medical students to the objective structured practical examination.Med Edu 1988; 22: 40–46.
Arthur H. Student self evaluation: How useful? How validPedagogue 1990; 24 (4): 1–6.
Blumeberg P, Michael J, Zertz H. The use of student generated issues by 7 problem based curricula.Teach Learn Med 1990; 2: 149–154.
Al-Haddad MK, Jayawickramarajah PT. Problem-based curriculum: outcome evaluation.Med Teach 1991.; 13: 273–279.
Jonas HS. Educational program in US medical school.JAMA 1991; 266: 913–920.
Engel CE, Browne E, Nyarango P et al. Problem-based learning in distance education: A first exploration in continuing medical education.Med Edu 1992; 26: 389–401.
Richards R, Fulop T. Innovative Schools for Health Personnel. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1987.
Marchais JE Des, Bureau MA, Dumais B et al. From traditional to problem-based learning: A case report of complete curriculum reform.Med Edu 1992; 26: 190–199.
Albanese MA, Mitchell S. Problem-based learning: A review of literature on its outcomes and implementation issues.Acad Med 1993; 68: 52–81.
Haas J, Shaffir W. Ritual evaluation of competence: The hidden curriculum of professionalization in an innovative medical school.Works and Occup 1982; 9: 131–154.
Walton HJ, Mathews MB. Essentials of problem-based learning.Med Edu 1989; 23: 542–558.
Walton HJ. Problem-based learning.Med Edu 1989; 23: 479.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Deepak, K.K. Problem based learning. Indian J Pediatr 61, 127–137 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02843601
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02843601