References
J. Dodd and D. J. Dunn: “High Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy Irons for the Mining Industry,”Molybdenum Mosaic, The Journal of Molybdenum Metallurgy (Published by the Climax Molybdenum Company), 1978, vol. 3, no. 2.
E. N. Gregory and M. Bartle: “Materials for Hardfacing,” inWeld Surfacing and Hardfacing, The Welding Institute, Abington Hall, Cambridge, U.K., 1980.
H. S. Avery: “Selecting Hard Facing Materials to Resist Impact, Heat, Friction, Abrasion,”Product Engineering, March 1952.
H. N. Fanner: “Factors Affecting Selection and Performance of Hard-Facing Alloys,” Symposium on Materials for the Mining Industry, Vail, CO, July 1974.
K. G. Budinski, “Guide to Hard Surfacing—Alloy and Ceramic Facing Materials,”Plant Engineering, September 1974.
H. Avery: “Surfacing by Welding for Wear Resistance,”Composite Engineering Laminates, A. G. H. Dietz, ed., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1969.
A. M. Horsfield: “Weld Surfacing Processes,” inWeld Surfacing and Hardfacing, The Welding Institute, Abington Hall, Cambridge, U.K., 1980.
S. Shewchuk, R. J. Dawson, and R. A. Beland: “Applications for Hardfacing in the Mining Industry,”Canadian Inst. of Metallurgists Bulletin, November 1980.
F. Maratray: “Choice of Appropriate Compositions for Chromium-Molybdenum White Irons,”Transactions of the American Foundry Society, 1971.
F. Maratray and R. Usseglio-Nanot: “Factors Affecting the Structure of Chromium and Chromium-Molybdenum White Irons,” Climax Molybdenum S.A., Paris, France, 1971.
H. S. Avery and H. J. Chapin: “Hard-Facing Alloys of the Chromium Carbide Type,”Weld. J., October 1952, vol. 31, p. 917.
K.H. Zum Gahr and D. V. Doane: “Optimizing Fracture Toughness and Abrasion Resistance in White Cast Irons,”Met. Trans. A, 1980, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 613.
W. R. Thorpe: “The Effect of Welding Variables in Automatic Open-Arc Hard Facing with an Austenitic Chromium Carbide Alloy,”Australian Metals Forum, 1980, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 62.
Annual ASTM Standards, Metals, “Standard Practice for Conducting Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Abrasion Tests,” Standard G-65-80 in Metals-Physical, Mechanical, Corrosion Testing, vol. 10, p. 1044.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rense, C.E.C., Edwards, G.R. & Frost, H.R. The effect of Open-Arc process variables on the microstructure and wear resistance of a typical chromium-carbide-type hardfacing deposit. JMES 5, 149–159 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02833368
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02833368