Abstract
Euglena gracilis cells were treated with N-succinimidylofloxacin. After two years of cultivation of chloroplast-free mutants a number of anomalous mitochondria have been observed. Aberrant mitochondria about 5–8 μm long and wide with unusual shape, disfigured mitochondria with enormous size, giant swollen oval-shaped megamitochondria, narrow and very long (50–60 μm) mitochondria localized at the cell perimeter were found in addition to normal mitochondria. The volume percentage of aberrant mitochondria in 58% of cells reached 65%. Swollen mitochondria probably do not fulfil the mitochondrial function and may cause cell death with subsequent elimination of injured mitochondria.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blum J.J., Sommer J.R., Kahn V.: Some biochemical, cytological, and morphogenetic comparison betweenAstasia longa and bleachedEuglena gracilis.J. Protozool.12, 202–209 (1965).
Bredberg A., Brant M., Riesberg K., Azon Y., Forsgren A.: 4-Quinolone antibiotics: positive genotoxic screening tests despite an apparent lack of mutation induction.Mutat. Res.211, 171–180 (1989).
Burkhardt J.E., Hill M.A., Turek J.J., Carlton W.W.: Ultrastructural changes in articular cartilages of immature beagle dogs dosed with difloxacin, a fluoroquinolone.Vet. Pathol.29, 230–238 (1992).
Castora F.J., Vissering F.F., Simpson M.V.: The effect of bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors on DNA synthesis in mammalian mitochondria.Biochim. Biophys. Acta740, 417–427 (1983).
Cramer M., Myers J.: Growth and photosynthetic characteristic ofEuglena gracilis.Arch. Microbiol.17, 384–402 (1952).
Dobias J., Uher M., Koreňová A., Brtko J., Belicová A., Foltínová P., Ebringer L.: N-Succinimidyl ester of ofloxacin—a novel prodrug.Pharmazie50, H.8, 563 (1995).
Ebringer L.: Effects of drugs on chloroplasts, pp. 271–354 in F.E. Hahn (Ed.):Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, Vol. 6, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1978.
Ebringer L.: Interaction of drugs with extranuclear genetic elements and its consequences.Teratogen. Carcinogen. Mutagen.10, 477–501 (1990).
Ebringer L., Krajčovič J.: Are chloroplasts and mitochondria the remnants of prokaryotic endosymbionts?Folia Microbiol.31, 228–254 (1986).
Ebringer L., Krajčovič J.: Prokaryotic character of chloroplasts and mitochondria—the present state of knowledge.Folia Microbiol.32, 244–280 (1987).
Ebringer L., Krajčovič J., Polónyi J., Lahitová N., Doupovcová M., Dobias J.: Tetracycline reduces fluoroquinolones-induced bleaching ofEuglena gracilis.Mutat. Res.340, 141–149 (1996).
Ebringer L., Polónyi J., Krajčovič J.: Influence of ofloxacin on chloroplasts and mitochondria inEuglena gracilis.Arzneim.-Forsch.43 (II), 777–781 (1993).
Ebringer L., Polónyi J., Krajčovič J., Dobias J.: Influence of tetracyclines or cetylpyridinium bromide on activity of fluoroquinolones inEuglena gracilis.Arzneim.-Forsch.47 (1), 683–687 (1997).
Ghadially F.N.:Ultrastructural Pathology of the Cell and Matrix. Butherworth, London-Boston-Toronto 1982.
Glaumann B., Trump B.F.: Studies on the pathogenesis of ischemic cell injury. III. Morphological changes of the proximal pars recta tubules (P3) of the rat kidney made ischemicin vivo.Virchows Arch. B. Cell Path.19, 303–323 (1975).
Hayem G., Petit P.X., Levacher M., Gaudin C., Kahn M.-F., Pocidalo J.-J.: Cytofluorometric chondrotoxicity of fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents.Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.38, 243–247 (1994).
Hooper D.C., Wolfson J.S. (Eds):Quinolone Antibacterial Agents. Second edition, American Society for Microbiology, Washington D.C. 1993a.
Hooper D.C., Wolfson J.S.: Mechanisms of quinolone action and bacterial killing, pp. 53–75 in D.C. Hooper and J.S. Wolfson. (Eds):Quinolone Antibacterial Agents. Second edition, American Society for Microbiology, Washington D.C. 1993b.
Krajčovič J., Ebringer L., Polónyi J.: Quinolones and coumarins eliminate chloroplasts fromEuglena gracilis.Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.33, 1883–1889 (1989).
Levin C.S., Morrissey I., Smith J.T.: Role of oxygen in the bactericidal action of the 4-quinolones.Reviews of Infect. Diseases11, Suppl. 5, 16–17 (1989).
Matsuhashi T., Liu X., Karbowski M., Wozniak M., Antosiewicz J., Wakabayashi T.: Role of free radicals in the mechanism of the hydrazine-induced formation of megamitochondria.Free Radical Biol. Med.23, 285–293 (1997).
Matsumoto T., Takahashi K., Nagafuji T., Kubo S., Kumuzawa J.: Effect of inhibitors of protein kinase C on enhanced superoxide production of human leucocytes by ofloxacin and fleroxacin.Drugs49, Suppl. 2, 286–288 (1995).
Mráz P., Kapeller K., Polónyi J.: Standardization of glutaraldehyde for use in electron microscopy.Folia Morph.29, 286–291 (1981).
Mráz P., Polónyi J.:Methods of Electron Microscopy of Animal Tissues (in Slovak). Veda, Bratislava 1988.
Obernauerová M., Šubík J.: Energy-dependent mitochondrial mutagenicity of antibacterial ofloxacin and its recombinogenic activity in yeast.Curr. Genet.26, 281–284 (1994).
Osheroff N., Zechiedrich E.L., Gale K.C.: Catalytic function of DNA topoisomerase II.Bio Essays13, 269–275 (1991).
Phillips I.: Bacterial mutagenicity and the 4-quinolones.J. Antimicrob. Chemother.20, 771–773 (1987).
Polónyi J., Ebringer L., Krajčovič J., Kapeller K.: Ultrastructure of green and AF-2 nitrofuran-bleached mutants ofEuglena gracilis. I. Volume of chloroplasts, mitochondria and paramylon granules.Biológia (Bratislava)42, 217–229 (1987).
Polónyi J., Ebringer L., Krajčovič J., Kapeller K.: Injured mitochondria in cells ofEuglena gracilis after DNA gyrase inhibitors treatment.Z. Mikrosk.-Anat. Forsch. (Leipzig)104, 61–78 (1990).
Ribard P., Kahn M.F.: Rheumatological side-effects of quinolones, pp. 175–191 in M.F. Kahn (Ed.):Bailliere's Clinical Rheumatology: Drug-Induced Rheumatic Diseases. Bailliere Tindall, London 1991.
Spurr A.R.: A low viscosity epoxy-resin embedding medium for electron microscopy.J. Ultrastruct. Res.26, 3–43 (1969).
Umezawa N., Arakane K., Ryu A., Mashiko S., Hinobe M., Nagano T.: Participation of reactive oxygen species in phototoxicity induced by quinolone antimicrobial agents.Arch. Biochem. Biophys.342, 275–281 (1997).
Weibel E.R.: Principles and methods for morphometric study of the lung and other organs.Lab. Invest.12, 131–155 (1963).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Polónyi, J., Ebringer, L., Dobias, J. et al. Giant mitochondria in chloroplast-deprivedEuglena gracilis late after N-succinimidylofloxacin treatment. Folia Microbiol 43, 661–666 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02816386
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02816386