Abstract
The vegetation of road verges in the coastal dune area of the Netherlands was surveyed phytosociologically. Nine plant communities have been distinguished. They belong to theAmmophiletea, Koelerio-Corynephoretea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Plantaginetea majoris andArtemisietea vulgaris. Most plant communities appear to be, fragmentarily developed and have thus been described by the so-called deductive method. Vegetation in road verges often appears to be heterogeneous. Species composition is influenced by man, distance from the sea, fertility and moisture content of the soil. It is clearly correlated with total nitrogen, magnesium and organic matter. Therophytes are preponderant; these and sclerophytes indicate the dry environment. The majority of the species are apophytes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barkman J.J., Doing H. &Segal S. (1964): Kritische Bemerkungen und Vorschläge zur quantitativen Vegetationsanalyse.Acta Bot. Neerl. 13: 394–419.
Beeftink W.G. (1977): The coastal salt marshes of western and northern Europe: an ecological and phytosociological approach. In:Chapman V.J. (ed.),Ecosystems of the world, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp. 109–155.
Berg Ch. &Mahn E.G. (1990): Antropogene Vegetationsveränderungen der Strassenrandvegetation in den letzten 30 Jahren—die Glatthaferwiesen des Raumes Halle/Saale.Tuexenia 10: 185–195.
Brandes D. (1988): Die Vegetation gemähter Strassenränder im östlichen Niedersachsen.Tuexenia 8: 181–194.
Brandes D. (1989): Die Siedlungs- und Ruderalvegetation der Wachau (Österreich).Tuexenia 9: 183–197.
Braun-Blanquet J. (1964):Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. Ed. 3, Springer, Wien, New York.
Breckle S.W. &Scheck-Hoffmann A. (1985): Streusalzwirkungen am Autobahnrand.Verh. Ges. Ökol. Bremen 13: 657–662.
Brzeg A. (1981):Sieglingio-Agrostietum ass. nova na drogach w borach sosnowych(Sieglingio-Agrostietum ass. nova in road verges through pine forests).Badan. Fiziogr. Polsk., Zachodn., B. 32: 157–165.
Brzeg A. (1989):Roślinność póŀnocnej czěści miědzyrzecza Prosny, Czarnej Strugi i Warty (Vegetation in the basin of the rivers Prosna, Czarna Struga and Warta). Thesis UAM, Poznań.
Doing H. (1988):Landschapsoecologie van de Nederlandse kust (Landscape ecology of the Dutch coast). Stichting Duinbehoud: Stichting Publikatiefonds Duinen, Leiden.
Ellenberg H. (1978):Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen in ökologischer Sicht. Ed. 2, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.
Faliński J.B. (1961): Roślinność dróg leśnych w Biaŀowieskim Parku Narodowym (The vegetation along forest roads in the Bialowieża National Park).Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 30: 163–185.
Herbich J. &Herbichowa M. (1987): Wstěpne wyniki badań nad roślinnością dróg w borach strefy przymorskiej (Preliminary results of a vegetation research along roads in pine forests along the sea coast).Zesz. Nauk. Uniw. Gdański Wydz. Biol. Nauk Ziemi, Biol. 8: 5–17.
Hill M.O. (1979a):DECORANA. A Fortran program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Cornell University, Ithaca.
Hill M.O. (1979b):TWINSPAN. A Fortran program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes. Cornell University, Ithaca.
Hill M.O. &Gauch H.G. (1980): Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique.Vegetatio 42: 47–58.
Houba V.J.G., Novozamsky I. &Temminghoff E. (1994):Soil analysis procedures. Extraction with 0.01 M CaCl 2 (Soil and plant analysis, part 5A). Dept of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Wageningen.
Houba V.J.G., van der Lee &Novozamsky I. (1995):Soil analysis procedures. Other procedures. (Soil and plant analysis, part 5B). Dept of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Wageningen.
Jackowiak B. (1982): WystěpowaniePuccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. na terenie miasta Poznania (Distribution ofPuccinellia distans. (Jacq.) Parl. in the Poznań, area).Badan. Fizjogr. Polsk. Zachodn., B. 33: 129–142.
Jackowiak B. (1984): Chorologiczne i synekologiczne aspekty ekspansjiPuccinellia distans (L.)Parl. w Polsce (Chorological and synecological aspects of the expansion ofPuccinellia distans (L.)Parl. in Poland).Badan. Fiziogr. Polsk. Zachodn., B. 35: 67–91.
Jackowiak B. (1990):Antropogeniczne przemiany flory roślin naczyniowych Poznania (Anthropogenic changes in the vascular flora of Poznań). Ser. Biol. 42, Wyd. Nauk. UAM, Poznań.
Kershaw K.A. &Looney J.H.H. (1985):Quantitative and dynamic ecology. Edward Arnold, London.
Kopecký K. (1978a):Die strassenbegleitenden Rasengesellschaften im Gebirge Orlické hory und seinem Vorlande. Vegetace ČSSR, A 10, Academia, Praha.
Kopecký K. (1978b): Einfluss der Strassen auf die Synanthropisierung der Flora und Vegetation nach Beobachtungen in der Tschechoslowakei..Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 23: 145–171.
Kopecký K. &Hejný S. (1978): Die Anwendung einer deduktiven Methode syntaxonomischer Klassifikation bei der Bearbeitung der strassenbegleitenden Pflanzengesellschaften Nordostböhmens.Vegetatio 36: 43–51.
Kornaś J. (1990): Plant invasions in Central Europe: historical and ecological aspects. In:Di Castri F., Hansen A.J. &Debussche M. (eds.),Biological invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. Monogr. Biol. 65, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, pp. 19–36.
Kornaś J., Leśniowska I. &Skrzywanek A. (1959): Obserwacje nad florą linii, kolejowych i dworców towarowych w Krakowie (Observations on the flora of railways and railway stations in Kraków).Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 5: 199–216.
Kowarik I. (1988): Zum menschlichen Einfluss auf Flora und Vegetation. Theoretische Konzepte und ein Quantifizierungsansatz am Beispiel von Berlin (West).Landschaftsentw. & Umweltforsch. 56: 1–280.
Kubíček F., Šomšák L., Šimonovič V., Majzlanová E., Háberová E. &Rybárska V. (1983): Influence of tourism on dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) communities in the Vysoké Tatry Mountains.Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18: 363–387.
Lausi D. &Nimis P.L. (1985): Roadside vegetation in boreal South Yukon and adjacent Alaska.Phytocoenologia 13: 103–138.
Margadant W.D. &During H. (1982):Beknopte flora van Nederlandse blad- en levermossen (A concise flora of mosses and liverworts of the Netherlands) Thieme, Zutphen.
Matuszkiewicz W. (1981):Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski (Guide for the determination of plant, communities of Poland). Polskie Wydawnictwo, Naukowe, Warszawa.
Mederake R. &Schmidt W. (1989): Pflegeversuche auf Strassenbegleitflächen.Natur & Landschaft. 64: 499–505.
Mielcarek R. (1983): Breve analisis de la flora ruderal de calles, caminos y sus orillas de la ciudadde la Habana.Rev. Jard. Bot. Nat. 4: 111–174.
Nagler A. & Schmidt W. (1987): Die Erfassung der strassenbegleitenden Vegetation als Grundlage extensiver Pflegemassnahmen zur Förderung rückläufiger Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften. In:Schubert R. &Hilbig W. (eds.),Erfassung und Bewertung antropogener Vegetationsveränderungen., Teil I, Wiss. Beitr. 1987/4, Kongress u. Tagungsber., Martin-Luther-Univ., Halle-Wittenberg, pp. 251–284.
Nagler A., Schmidt W. &Stottele T. (1989): Die Vegetation an Autobahnen und Strassen in Südhessen.Tuexenia 9: 151–182.
Oberdorfer E. (1983):Süddeutsche Pflanzengesellschaften 3. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York.
Oberdorfer E. (1990):Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.
Raunkiaer C. (1907):Planterigets Livsformer (Botanical life forms). Kjobenhavn.
Ross S.M. (1986): Vegetation change on highway verges in south-east Scotland.J. Biogeogr. 13: 109–117.
Rothmaler W. (1976):Exkursionsflora für die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Volks und Wissen Volkseigener Verlag, Berlin.
Rusińska A. & Balcerkiewicz S. (1989): Moss flora of Poland in the aspect of synanthropization. In:Herben T. & McQueen C.B. (eds.),Proceedings of the sixth meeting of the Central and East European Bryological Working Group (CBWG), Liblice, Czechoslovakia, 1988, Botanical Institute of the CSAS, Průhonice, pp. 95–102.
Schaminée J.H.J., Stortelder A.H.F. &Westhoff V. (1991): De identificatie en classificatie van plantensociologisch onverzadigde gemeenschappen (The identification and classification of phytosociologically unsaturated communities).Stratiotes 2: 42–52.
Schaminée J. H. J., Stortelder A.H.F. &Westhoff V. (1995):De vegetatie van Nederland 1. Inleiding tot de plantensociologie- grondslagen, methoden en toepassingen (The vegetation of the Netherlands 1 Introduction to phytosociology, methods and applications). Opulus Press, Uppsala & Leiden.
Schmidt W. (1987): Strassenbegleitende Vegetation—Zur Erfassung, Bewertung und Lenkung einer extrem anthropogenen Vegetation. In:Schubert R. & Hilbig W. (eds.),Erfassung und Bewertung anthropogener Vegetationsveränderungen, Teil 1, Wiss. Beitr. 1987/4, Kongress u. Tagungsber., Martin-Luther-Univ., Halle-Wittenberg, pp. 227–250.
Schmidt W. (1989): Plant dispersal by motor cars.Vegetatio 80: 147–152.
Scott N.E. &Davison A.W. (1985): The distribution and ecology of coastal species on roadsides.Vegetatio 62: 433–440.
Soest J.L. van (1929): Plantengeografische districten in Nederland (Phytogeographical districts in the Netherlands).De Levende Natuur 33: 311–318.
Sýkora K.V. (1990): History of the impact of man on the distribution of plant species. In:di Castri F., Hansen A.J. &Debussche M. (eds.),Biological invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, Monogr. Biol. 65, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 37–50.
Sýkora, K.V., de Nijs L.J. &Pelsma T. (1988): Plantengemeenschappen in Nederlandse wegbermen en de zeldzaamheidswaarde van de bermflora. (Plant communities of Dutch road verges and the rarity of its flora).De Levende Natuur 1: 14–20.
Sýkora, K.V., de Nijs L.J. &Pelsma T.A.H.M. 1993):Plantengemeenschappen van Nederlandse wegbermen (Plant communities of Dutch road verges). Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Utrecht.
Sýkora, K.V. &Westhoff V. (1991): Droge stroomdalgraslanden langs de Maas en de Niers (Dry, river accompanying grasslands along the rivers Maas and Niers).Gorteria 9: 334–341.
ter Braak C.J.F. (1986): Canonical correspondence analysis: a new technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis.Ecology 67: 1167–1179.
ter Braak C.J.F. (1987a).CANOCO—a FORTRAN program for canonical community ordination by correspondence analysis, principal components analysis and redundancy analysis (version 2.1). Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Institute of Applied Computer Science, Wageningen.
ter Braak C.J.F. (1987b): The analysis of vegetation—environment relationships by canonical correspondence analysis.Vegetatio 69: 69–77.
Thellung A. (1915): Pflanzenwanderungen unter dem Einfluss des Menschen.Beibl. Englers Bot. Jahrb. 53(116): 37–66.
Ulmann I. &Heindl B. (1986): “Ersatzbiotop Strassenrand”—Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Schutzes von basiphilen Trockenrasen an Strassenböschungen.Ber. Akad. Naturschutz & Landschaftspflege (Laufen) 10: 103–118.
Ulmann I. & Heindl B. (1987): “Bandförmige” Zonierungen an Verkehrswegen: Struktur und Dynamik der Phytozönosen. In:Schubert R. & Hilbig W. (eds.),Erfassung und Bewerung anthropogener Vegetationsveränderungen, Teil I, Wiss, Beitr. 1987/4. Kongress u. Tangunsberg., Martin-Luther Univ., Halle-Wittenberg, pp. 199–217.
Ulmann I., Heindl B. &Schug B. (1990): Naturräumliche Gliederung der Vegetation auf Strassenbegleitflächen im westlichen Unterfranken.Tuexenia 10: 197–222.
van der Maarel E. (1979). Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effects on community simmilarity.Vegetatio 39: 97–114.
van der Maarel E. &Westhoff V. (1964): The vegetation of the dunes near Oostvoorne.Wentia 12: 161.
van der Meijden R. (1990),Flora van Nederland (Flora of the Netherlands). Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen.
Walter H. &Straka H. (1970):Arealkunde: floristisch-historische Geobotanik. Einführung in die Phytologie 3(2). Ulmer, Stuttgart, 478 pp.
Way, J.M. (1977): Roadside verges and conservation in Britain: a review.Biol. Conserv. 12: 65–74.
Weeda E.J. (1990): Over de plantengeografie van Nederland (About phytogeography in the Netherlands). In:van der Meijden R. (ed.),Flora van Nederland, Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen, pp. 16–24.
Weeda E.J. (1996): Koelerio-Corynephoretea. In:Schaminée J.H.J., Stortelder A.H.F. &Weeda E.J. (eds.),De vegetatie van Nederlands 3 (The vegetation of the Netherlands 3). Opulus Press, Uppsala in press.
Westhoff V. (1952):De betekenis van natuurgebieden voor wetenschap en practijk (The importance of natural areas for science and practice). Contact-Comm. Natuur- en Landschapsbescherming, Utrecht.
Westhoff V. (1967): The ecological impact of pedestrian, equestrian and vehicular traffic on vegetation.IUCN Publ., New Ser. 7: 218–223.
Westhoff V. (1975): La vegetation des dunes pauvres en calcaire des iles frisonnes Neerlandaises (The vegetation of dunes with low calcium content on the Dutch Friesian islands).Coll. Phytosoc. 1: 71–77.
Westhoff V. &Den Held A.J. (1975):Plantengemeenschappen in Nederland (Plant communities in the Netherlands). Thiema, Zutphen.
Westhoff V. &van der Maarel E. (1973): The Braun-Blanquet approach. In:Whittaker R.H. (ed.),Ordination and classification of communities, Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, pp. 619–726.
Westhoff V. &van Oosten M.F. (1991):De plantengroei van de Waddeneilanden (The plant cover of the Wadden islands). Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Utrecht.
Westhoff V. &Schouten M.G.C. (1979): The Diversity of European coastal ecosystems. In:Jefferies R.L. &Davy A.J. (eds.),Ecological processes in coastal environments. Blackwell Scientific publications, Oxford, pp. 3–21.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Szwed, W., Sýkora, K.V. The vegetation of road verges in the coastal dunes of the Netherlands. Folia Geobot 31, 433–451 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02812084
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02812084