Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Inoculation of grass and tree seedlings used for reclaiming eroded areas in Iceland with mycorrhizal fungi

  • Published:
Folia Geobotanica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the response of plant species used for reclamation of eroded areas in Iceland to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. In a greenhouse trial,Leymus arenarius andDeschampsia beringensis were grown in pots with volcanic ash collected from a site near the Mt. Hekla volcano in Iceland and were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) isolatesGlomus mosseae BEG25 orGlomus intraradices BEG75. In two field experiments conducted on volcanic tephra fields near Mt. Hekla, a native soil inoculum or commercial inocula TerraVital-D and Terra Vital-G Ecto Mix were compared for efficacy onL. arenarius andBetula pubescens. After four months of growth, the presence of AMF in the pot experiment significantly increased the capacity of grass root systems to bind soil particles. In the field, inoculation significantly increased the number ofL. arenarius plants, which emerged from seed and their subsequent survival and growth. Seedlings ofB. pubescens grew best following inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungal (ECMF) inoculum and a subsequent application of inorganic NP-fertilizer. The addition of native soil inoculum had almost no effect on growth of either grass or trees. Our results indicate that reclamation of eroded areas in Iceland could benefit from the use of a ppropriate mycorrhizal fungi, which might improve plant establishment and growth and increase soil aggregation and stability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aradóttir A.L. &Grétarsdóttir J. (1995): Surveys of reclamation forest plantations 1991 and 1992.Icelandic Forest. Res. Rep. 9:1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnalds Ó. (1999): Soils and soil erosion in Iceland. In:Ármannsson H. (ed.),Geochemistry of the Earth’s surface, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Geochemistry of the Earth’s Surface, Reykjavík, Iceland 16–20 August 1999, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 135–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnalds Ó., Hallmark C.T. &Wilding L.P. (1995): Andisols from four different regions of Iceland.J. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 59: 161–169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnalds Ó. &Kimble J. (2001): Andisols of deserts of Iceland.J. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 65: 1778–1786.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnalds Ó., Tórarinsdóttir E.F., Metusalemsson S., Jónsson Á., Grétarsson E. &Árnason A. (2001):Soil erosion in Iceland. The Soil Conservation Service and the Agricultural Research Institute, Reykjavík.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biermann B. &Linderman R.G. (1983): Use of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal roots, intraradical vesicles, and extraradical vesicles as inoculum.New Phytol. 95: 97–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boddington C.L., Bassett E.E., Jakobsen I. &Dodd J.C. (1999): Comparison of techniques for the extraction and quantification of extra-radical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from two soils containing fine particulate matter.Soil Biol. Biochem. 31: 479–482.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brundrett M., Melville L. &Peterson R.L. (1994):Practical methods in mycorrhizal research. Mycologue Publications, Waterloo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Call C.A. &Davies F.T. (1988): Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on survival and growth of perennial grasses in lignite overburden in Texas.Agric. Ecosyst. Environm. 24: 395–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • del Val C., Barea J.M. &Azcón-Aguilar C. (1999): Assessing the tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from sewage sludge-contaminated soils.Appl. Soil Ecol. 11: 261–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodd J.C. &Thomson B.D. (1994): The screening and selection of inoculant arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi.Pl. & Soil 159: 149–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodd J.C., Boddington C.L., Rodriguez A., Gonzalez-Chavez C. &Mansur I. (2000): Mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from different genera: form, function and detection.Pl. & Soil 226: 131–151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Einarsson M.A. (1976):Climate in Iceland. Idunn, Reykjavík.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enkhtuya B., Rydlová J. &Vosátka M. (2000): Effectiveness of indigenous and non-indigenous isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils from degraded ecosystems and man-made habitats.Appl. Soil Ecol. 14: 201–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giovannetti M. &Mosse B. (1980): An evaluation of techniques to measure vesicular-arbuscular infection in roots.New Phytol. 2: 489–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green D.C., Vilarino A., Newsam R., Jeffries P. &Dodd J.C. (1994): Quantification of mycelial development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using image analysis.Mycorrhiza 5:105–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greipsson S. &El-Mayas H. (2000): Arbuscular mycorrhizae ofLeymus arenarius on coastal sands and reclamation sites in Iceland and response to inoculation.Restoration Ecol. 8: 144–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grétarsdóttir J. (2002):Long term effects of reclamation treatments on plant succession at two localities in Iceland. Cand. Scient. Thesis, University of Bergen, Bergen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunnlaugsdóttir E. (1985): Composition and dynamical status of heathland communities in Iceland in relation to recovery measures.Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 75: 1–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haraldsson K.Ö., Árnason S.G., Larsen G. & Eiríksson J. (2002): The Hekla eruption of 2000 — The tephra fall. In:Jónsson S.S. (ed.),The 25th Nordic Geological Winter Meeting, January 6th–9th, 2002—Reykjavík, Iceland, Abstract volume, p. 71.

  • Hardie K. (1985): The effect of removal of extraradical hyphae on water by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal plants.New Phytol. 101: 677–684.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jakobsen I., Abbott L.K. &Robson A.D. (1992): External hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated withTrifolium subterraneum L. 1. Spread of hyphae and phosphorus inflow into roots.New Phytol. 120: 371–380.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffries P., Craven-Griffiths A., Barea J.M., Levy Y. &Dodd J.C. (2002): Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the revegetation of desertified Mediterranean ecosystems In:Gianinazzi S., Schüepp H., Barea J.M. &Haselwandter K. (eds.),Mycorrhizal technology in agriculture, Brikhäuser, Basel, pp. 151–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan A.G. (1981): Growth responses of endomycorrhizal onions in unsterilized coal waste.New Phytol. 87: 363–370.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan A.G., Kuek C., Chaudhry T.M., Khoo C.S. &Hayes W.J. (2000): Role of plants, mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation.Chemosphere 41: 197–207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koske R.E. &Gemma J.N. (1989): A modified procedure for staining roots to detect VA mycorrhizas.Mycol. Res. 92: 486–505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leyval C., Singh B.R. &Joner E.J. (1995): Occurrence and infectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in some Norwegian soils influenced by heavy metals and soils properties.Water Air Soil Pollut. 84: 203–216.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller R. M. &Lodge D. J. (1997): Fungal responses to disturbance: agriculture and forestry. In:Wicklow D.T. &Söderström B.E. (eds.),The mycota IV. Environmental and microbial relationships, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 65–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minitab Inc. (1997):Minitab Statistical software, rel. 12. State College, Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oades J. M. &Waters A.G. (1991): Aggregate hierarchy in soils.Austral. J. Soil Res. 29: 815–828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pawłowska T.E., Błaszkowski J. &Rühling Å. (1996): The mycorrhizal status of plants colonizing a calamine spoil mound in southern Poland.Mycorrhiza 6: 499–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfleger F.L., Stewart E.L. &Noyd R.K. (1994): Role of VAM fungi in mine land revegetation. In:Pfleger F.L. &Linderman R.G. (eds.),Mycorrhizae and plant health, The American Phytopathological Society, Minnesota, pp. 47–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robles Pérez C. (1999):Modificación de las propiedades fisicas, químicas y biológicas de suelos en respuesta a la actividad de organismos simbióticos y rizosféricos, en el contexto de una agricultura sostenible. Thesis Doctoral. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahl P.D. &Christensen M. (1991): Population variation in the mycorrhizal fungusGlomus mosseae: breadth of environmental tolerance.Mycol. Res. 95: 300–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sylvia D.M. & Williams S.E. (1992): Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and environmental stresses. In:Bethlenfalvay G.J. & Linderman R.G. (eds.),Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture, ASA No. 54, Madison, pp. 101–124.

  • Tisdall J.M. (1994): Possible role of soil microorganisms in aggregation in soils.Pl. & Soil 159: 115–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vangronsveld J., Colpaert J.V. &van Tichelen K.K. (1996): Reclamation of a bare industrial area contaminated by non-ferrous metals: physico-chemical and biological evaluation of the durability of soil treatment and revegetation.Environm. Pollut. 94: 131–140.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vosátka M., Rydlová J. &Malcová R. (1999): Microbial inoculations of plants for revegetation of disturbed soils in degraded ecosystems. In:Kovář P. (ed.),Nature and culture in landscape ecology, Proceedings of the CZ-IALE Conference, The Karolinum Press, Prague, pp. 303–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker C.M. &Trappe J.M. (1993): Names and epithets in theGlomales andEndogonales.Mycol. Res. 97: 339–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright S.F. &Upadhyaya A. (1998): A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Pl. & Soil 198: 97–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright S.F., Upadhyaya A. &Buyer J.S. (1998): Comparison of N-linked oligosaccharides of glomalin from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soils by capillary electrophoresis.Soil Biol. Biochem. 30: 1853–1857.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Batkhuugyin Enkhtuya & Miroslav Vosátka

  2. Soil Conservation Service, Gunnarsholt, Iceland, Icelandic Horticultural College, Reykir, Iceland

    Úlfur Óskarsson

  3. PlantWorks Ltd., Sittingbourne Research Centre, Sittingbourne, 1/19 Innovation Building 1000, ME9 8HL, Kent, United Kingdom

    John C. Dodd

Authors
  1. Batkhuugyin Enkhtuya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Úlfur Óskarsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. John C. Dodd
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Miroslav Vosátka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Batkhuugyin Enkhtuya.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Enkhtuya, B., Óskarsson, Ú., Dodd, J.C. et al. Inoculation of grass and tree seedlings used for reclaiming eroded areas in Iceland with mycorrhizal fungi. Folia Geobot 38, 209–222 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803153

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803153

Keywords

Nomenclature

Search

Navigation