Conclusion
Every city must have a population of individuals who support or practice alternative medical care (1). The numerous techniques vary from crystal therapy to pyramid power at the one extreme to harmless dietary fads and physical maneuvers, such as enemas (perhaps supplemented with oxygen) at the other extreme. In between, even in sophisticated Western societies, fortune tellers, astronomers, tarot card readers, exercisers and exorcisers, nutritionists, and stress reducers all ply their trades. Many patients with mild asthma or imagined asthma undoubtedly find solace if not cure at the hands of these practitioners of alternative and complementary health care. It is perhaps not so relevant to ask if such techniques can help as it is to ask why patients seek out such care when orthodox therapy is so successful. We may share the same concern expressed in a recent article inThorax that examined these alternative practices, in which it was asked: “Should we as a profession protest about treatments that have not been tested in any scientific way being offered (at a cost) to patients?” (7). However, it is important to recollect that orthodox medicine has its own doubts about the safety of β-adrenergics, the value of theophylline, the effectiveness of cromolyn, the role of steroids and the acceptability of immunotherapy. Thus, scientific therapy alone will not satisfy all asthmatics, and it is inevitable that individual patients will make their choices regarding whether to accept the therapy of a pulmonologist, an allergist, or one of a host of other health purveyors who can claim that they help patients with asthma. Perhaps we need to give more attention to the passions that inflame the minds of asthmatics, rather than striving to correct the cytoneurochemical events that cause inflammation in the lungs. It is clear that asthma, as much as or more than most other chronic diseases, may respond to Osler’s prescription of “time, in divided doses”. (38). Thus, it is not surprising that unorthodox remedies have such a large following among patients with true asthma and pseudoasthma, and that prolonged courses of scientifically inappropriate therapies can lead to excellent outcomes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ziment, I. (1978),Respiratory Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Saunders, Philadelphia.
Garrigo, J., Danta, I., and Ahmed, T. (1996),Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153, 1702–1707.
Ziment, I. (1986),Respir. Care 31, 117–136.
Ziment, I. (1989), inDrugs in Bronchial Mucology, Braga, P. C. and Allegra, L., eds., Raven, New York, pp. 1–33.
Ziment, I. (1988),Oriental Healing Arts Int. Bull. 13, 133–140.
Hsu, H.-Y. (1980)How to Treat Yourself with Chinese Herbs, Oriental Healing Arts Institute, Los Angeles.
Barnes, P. F., Chung, K. F., and Page, C. P. (1988),J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 81, 919–934.
Lane, D. J. and Lane, T. V. (1991),Thorax 46, 787–797.
Makino, S. (1991), inPreventive Therapy in Asthma, Morley, J., ed., Academic, London, pp. 230–252.
Bernstein, W. K., Khastgir, T., Khastgir, A., Hernandez, E., Miller, J., Schonfeld, S. A., Nissim, J. E., and Chernow, B. (1995),Arch. Intern. Med. 155, 271–276.
Cosman, M. P. (1993),Annu. Rev. Nutr. 3, 1–33.
Stein, M. (1985), inBronchial Asthma. Mechanisms and Therapeutics, 2nd ed., Weiss, E. B., Segal, M. S., and Stein, M., eds., Little, Brown, Boston, pp. 934–937.
Wren, R. W., ed. (1972),Potter’s New Cyclopaedia of Medicinal Herbs and Preparations, Harper Colophon Books, New York.
Moss, R. B. (1995),Chest 107, 817–825.
van Schayck, C. P., Dompeling, E., van Herwaarden, C. L. A., Folgering, H., Verbeek, A. L. M., Van der Hoogen, H. J. M., and Van Weel, C. (1991),Br. Med. J. 303, 1426–1431.
Schudt, C., Winder, S., Eltze, M., Kilian, U., Beume, R. (1991), inNew Drugs for Asthma Therapy, Anderson, G. P., Chapman, I. D., and Morley, J., eds., Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, pp. 379–402.
Ogirala, R. G., Aldrich, N. C., Prezant, D. J., Sinnett, M. J., Ensen, J. B., and Williams, M. H., Jr. (1991),N. Engl. J. Med.,324, 585–589.
Gardiner, P. J. (1989), inAsthma Reviews, vol. 2, Morley, J., ed., Academic, London, pp. 75–124.
Mullarkey, M. F., Blumenstein, B. A., Andrade, W. P., Bailey, G. A., Olason, I., and Wetzel, C. E. (1988),N. Engl. J. Med. 318, 603–607.
Dyer, P. D., Vaughan, T., and Weber, R. W. (1991),J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 88, 208–212.
Shiner, R. J., Nunn, A. J., Chung, K. F., and Geddes, D. M. (1990),Lancet 336, 137–140.
Erzurum, S. C., Leff, J. A., Cochran, J. E., Ackerson, L. M., Szefler, S. J., Martin, R. J., and Cott, G. R. (1991),Ann. Intern. Med. 114, 353–360.
Kanzow, G., Nowak, D., and Magnussen, H. (1995),Lung 173, 223–231.
Alexander, A. G., Barnes, N. C., and Kay, A. B. (1992),Lancet 339, 324–328.
Kay, A. B., Corrigan, C. J., and Frew, A. J. (1991),Eur. Respir. J. 4 (Suppl. 13), 105s-112s.
Bienenstock, J. (1991),Eur. Respir. J. 4(Suppl. 13), 156s-160s.
Meltzer, E. O. (1990),Ann. Allergy 64(Pt II), 183–186.
Morley, J. (1991), inPreventive Therapy in Asthma, Morley, J., ed., Academic, London, pp. 253–273.
Ahmed, T., D’Brot, J., and Abraham, W. (1988),J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 81, 133–144.
Tattersfield, A. E. (1991), inNew Drugs for Asthma Therapy, Anderson, G. P., Chapman, I. D., and Morley, J., eds., Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, pp. 157–176.
Ziment, I. (1990), inBronchial Mucology and Related Diseases, Allegra, L. and Braga, P. C., eds., Raven, New York, pp. 95–126.
Hunt, L. W., Swedlund, H. A., and Gleich, G. J. (1996),Mayo Clin. Proc. 71, 361–368.
Yellowlees, P. M. and Kalucy, R. S. (1990),Chest 97, 628–634.
Smuller, J. W., Pollack, M. H., Oho, M. W., Rosenbaum, J. F., and Kicidin, R. L. (1996),Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154, 6–17.
Barnes, P. J., Boschetto, P., Rogers, D. F., Belvisi, M., Roberts, N., Chung, K. F., and Evans, T. W. (1990),Eur. Respir. J. 3(Suppl. 12), 663s-671s.
Schuldheisz, S., Chandler, M. H. H., Phillips, B. A., and Muse, K. M. (1996),Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 153(Pt2), A515.
Nagy, S. M., Jr. and Cloninger, P. (1979), inEvaluation and Management of Allergic and Asthmatic Diseases, Gershwin, M. E. and Nagy, S. M. Jr., eds., Grune and Stratton, New York, pp. 205–233.
Unger, L. (1945),Bronchial Asthma, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL.
Barnes, P. J. (1996),N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 531,532.
David, T. J. (1989),Am. J. Asthma Allergy Pediat. 2, 71–74.
Bernstein, I. L. (1991), inPreventive Therapy in Asthma, Morley, J., ed., Academic, London, pp. 219–230.
Dos, S. J., Jacobson, M. J., and Soroff, H. S. (1976), inBronchial Asthma: Mechanisms and Therapeutics, Weiss, E. B. and Segal, M. S., eds., Little, Brown, Boston, MA, pp. 1007–1039.
Takino, M. (1976),Pathogenesis and Therapy of Bronchial Asthma with Special Reference to Organ Vagotonia, University Park Press, Baltimore.
Golden, R. L. (1992),Ann. Intern. Med. 116, 255–260.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ziment, I. Unconventional therapy in asthma. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 14, 289–320 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02802220
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02802220