Skip to main content
Log in

Patterns of tidal flow asymmetry on shoreface-connected ridge topography off Spiekeroog Island, German Bight

Tidestromasymmetrien der Zungenrifftopographie vor Spiekeroog

  • Published:
Deutsche Hydrografische Zeitschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Asymmetry in spring-neap, flood-ebb, and acceleration-deceleration near-bottom tidal current parameters is assessed on the basis of fair-weather measurements at nineteen locations off Spiekeroog Island, German Bight. The study is aimed at a better understanding of flow-substrate interactions and, by implication, the development of shoreface-conneeted ridges which occur in 8–18 m water depth off the East Frisian coast. The ridges are spaced 1–1.5 km apart, have a relief of 3–5 m, widths of 1–2 km, and flank steepnesses of < 1‡. Flood-current peak-velocity asymmetry on each ridge was found to increase from the trough across the crest towards the seaward flank at both spring and neap tide. Tidal excursion was flood asymmetric at spring tide, but the asymmetry diminished with offshore distance. Flood and ebb accelerating currents had higher mean velocities than the decelerating counterparts at spring tide. The mean velocity of decelerating currents tended to be flood-asymmetric at neap tide. Asymmetry was also noted between flood and ebb current directions, on the one hand, and between spring tide and neap tide cross-ridge flow angle (0–44‡) of these currents, on the other. The observed asymmetries in tidal flow parameters are considered critical to ridge growth and maintenance, and most probably result from a combination of overtides as well as geometric and inertial effects due to the ridge topography.

Zusammenfassung

Basierend auf Daten von 19 Me\stationen vor Spiekeroog wurden die Asymmetrien bodennaher Tidestromparameter bei Spring-und Nipptide, Ebbe und Flut sowie Tidebeschleunigung/-verzögerung bei ruhigem Wetter untersucht. Ziel der Studie ist ein besseres VerstÄndnis der Wechselwirkung zwischen Strömung und Boden und somit der Entwicklung der Zungenriffe vor der ostfriesischen Küste in 8 bis 18 m Tiefe. Die 1–1,5 km auseinanderliegenden Riffe sind 3–5 m hoch, 1–2 km breit und haben eine Neigung von < 1‡. Bei maximalem Flutstrom nahm die Asymmetrie auf den Zungenriffen von der Mulde über den Scheitel zum seewÄrtigen Riffhang hin zu, und zwar bei Spring-und bei Nipptide. Die Gezeitenauslenkung war bei Springtide asymmetrisch, jedoch nahm die Asymmetrie mit zunehmender Entfernung von der Küste ab. Die Flut-und Ebbströme hatten bei Springtide höhere mittlere Geschwindigkeiten als die Ströme bei Nipptide. Die mittlere Geschwindigkeit der Ströme bei Nipptide war eher flutasymmetrisch. Asymmetrie wurde auch zwischen den Richtungen bei Flut-und Ebbstrom einerseits und dem Strömungswinkel (0–44‡) über die Riffzunge bei Nipp-und Springtide andererseits beobachtet. Die Asymmetrien der Tidestrompara-meter sind offenbar für Wachstum und Erhalt der Riffzungen von Bedeutung. Sie sind wahrscheinlich auf Obertiden sowie geometrie-und inertialbedingte Effekte der Riffzungentopographie zurückzuführen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Antia, E. E., 1993a: Sedimentology, morphodynamics and facies association of a mesotidal barrier island shoreface, Spiekeroog, southern North Sea. Report no. 32, Geological Sciences Institute, University of Bremen, 370 pp.

  • Antia, E. E., 1993b: Surficial grain-size statistical parameters of a North Sea shoreface-connected ridge: patterns and process implication.Geo-Marine Letters,13, 172–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antia, E. E., B. W. Flemming andG. Wefer, 1995: Calmweather spring and neap tidal current characteristics on a shoreface-connected ridge complex in the German Bight (southern North Sea).Geo-Marine Letters,15, 30–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boon, J. D. III andR. J. Bryne, 1981: On basin hypsometry and the morphodynamic response of coastal inlet systems.Marine Geology,40, 27–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caston, V. N. D., 1972: Linear sandbanks in the southern North Sea.Sedimentology,18, 63–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caston, V. N. D. andA. H. Stride, 1970: Tidal sand movement between some linear sand banks in the North Sea off northeast Norfolk.Marine Geology,9, M38-M42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FitzGerald, D. M., S. Penland andD. Nummedal, 1984: Changes in tidal inlet geometry due to backbarrier filling: East Frisian Islands, West Germany.Shore and Beach,52, 3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fry, V. A. andD. G. Aubrey, 1990: Tidal velocity asymmetries and bed load transport in shallow embayments. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,30, 453–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, C. M., 1975: Sediment entrainment and suspension in a turbulent tidal flow.Marine Geology,18, M57-M64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granat, M. A. andJ. C. Ludwick, 1980: Perpetual shoals at the entrance to Chesapeake Bay: Flow-substrate interactions and mutually evasive net currents.Marine Geology,36, 307–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, G. C. andD. A. Mayer, 1981: Current structure on the Long Island inner shelf.Journal of Geophysical Research,86, 4205–4214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heathershaw, A. D. andF. D. C. Hammond, 1980: Secondary circulations near sand banks and in coastal embayments.Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift,33, 135–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huthnance, J. M., 1973: Tidal current asymmetries over the Norfolk sandbanks.Estuarine, and Coastal Marine Science,1, 89–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huthnance, J. M., 1982: On the formation of sand banks of finite extent.Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,15, 277–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kachel, N. B. andR. W. Sternberg, 1971: Transport of bedload as ripples during an ebb current.Marine Geology,10, 229–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, H. andE. Mittelstaedt, 1992: Local currents at a shoreface-connected ridge in the German Bight. Measurements during moderate and stormy winds off Norderney.Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift,44, 133–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavelle, J. W. andD. J. P. Swift, 1982: Near-shore currents measured in ridge-and-swale topography off Long Island, New York.Journal of Geophysical Research,87, 4190–4191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwick, J. C., 1974: Tidal currents and zig-zag sand shoals in a wide estuary entrance. Geological Society of America. Bulletin,85, 717–726.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCave, I. N., 1979: Tidal currents at the North Hinder lightship, southern North Sea: Flow directions and turbulence in relation to maintenance of sand banks.Marine Geology,31, 101–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingree, R. D. andD. K. Griffiths, 1979: Sand transport paths around the British Isles resulting from M2 and M4 tidal interactions.Journal of Marine Biological Association U.K.,59, 497–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A. H. W., 1960: Ebb-flood channel systems in sandy bays and estuaries.Geography,45, 183–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swift, D. J. P., G. Parker, N. W. Lanfredi, G. Perillo andK. Figge, 1978: Shoreface-connected sand ridges on American and European shelves: a comparison.Estuarine and Coastal Marine Research,7, 257–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • vande Kreeke, J. andK. Robaczewska, 1993: Tide-induced residual transport of coarse sediment: Application to the Ems estuary.Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,31, 209–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • vande Meene, J.W. H., 1991: Shoreface connected ridges along the Dutch coast. Proceedings of Coastal Sediments. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 512–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarillo, G. A., 1985: Tidal dynamics and substrate response in a salt-marsh estuary.Marine Geology,67, 13–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, J. T. F., 1981: Dynamics, diffusion and geomorphological significance of tidal residual eddies.Nature,290, 549–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Antia, E. Patterns of tidal flow asymmetry on shoreface-connected ridge topography off Spiekeroog Island, German Bight. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 48, 97–107 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02794055

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02794055

Keywords

Navigation