Summary
An analytical methodlogy for the determination of organotin compounds (OTs) in aqueous matrices based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by Grignard pentylation and gas chromatography-flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) determination was developed. Spiked OTs, mono-, di- and tributyltin (MBT, DBT and TBT); and mono-, di- and triphenyltin (MPhT, DPhT and TPhT) were pre-concentrated from aqueous samples as OT chlorides in two different sorbents. A macroporous copolymer containing either lipophilic divinylbenzene, hydrophilicN-vinylpyrrolidone or conventional hydrophobic octadecyl (C18) bonded silica were evaluated by using an automated off-line SPE system. Optimization of the SPE preconcentration included the presence of a complexing agent, sample pH, loading the sorbent with a complexing agent (tropolone), eluent type and volume, breakthrough volume and the sorbent mass. Recoveries of OTs in spiked water samples at 100 ng L−1 ranged from 70 to 90%. Detection limits for butyltin and phenyltin compounds ranged from 10 ng L−1 to 20 ng L−1. Automation of the SPE procedure provides a higher sample throughput in comparison with the use of conventional C18 disks. A new polymeric SPE sorbent evaluated provides higher recoveries, better sample capacities and higher reproducibility in comparison with conventional hydrophobic C18 silica cartridges, and also uses lower sorbent mass.
References
Zuckerman, J.J.; Reisdorf, R.R.; Ellis, H.V.; Wilkinson, R.R.. InOrganometals and Organometalloids, Ocurrence and Fate in the Environment: Brinkman, F.E.; Bellama, J.M. Eds, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC,1978.
Evans, C.J.; Karpel, S.Organotins Compounds in Modern Technology, Elsevier, Amterdam,1985.
Blunden, S.J.; Chapman, A.H. InOrganometallic Compounds in the Environment: Craig, P.J., Ed., Longman, London,1986.
Stroben, E.; Oelchmann, J.; Schulte-Oehlmann; Fioroni, P.Malacological Review 1996,6, 173–178.
Smith, P.J.Marine Pollution Bulletin 1996,32, 362–365.
Solé, M.; Morcillo, Y.; Porte, C.Environmental Pollution 1998,99, 241–246.
Alzieu, C.Marine Environmental Research 1991,32, 7–18.
Europenne, C. European Community, Official Journal of European Community, 323, 1989.
Alzieu, C.; Sanjuan, J.; Deltreil, J.P.; Borel, M.Marine Pollution Bulletin 1986,17, 494–498.
Hugget, R.J.; Unger, R.J.; Seligman P.F.; Valkirs A.O.Environmental Science and Technology 1992,26, 232–237.
Dowson, P.H.; Bubb, J.M.; Lester, J.N.Marine Pollution Bulletin 1993,26, 487–498.
Kannan, K.; Corsolini, S.; Focardi, S.; Tanbe, S.; Tatsukawa, R.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1996,31, 19–23.
Stäb, J.A.; Traas, T.P.; Stroomberg, G.; van Kesteren, J.; Leonards, P.; van Hattum, B.; Brinkman, A.Th.; Cofino, W.P.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1996,31, 319–328.
Abalos, M.; Bayona, J.M.; Compañó, R.; Granados, M.; Leal, C.; Prat, M.D.Journal of Chromatography A 1997,788, 1–49.
Ashby, J.; Clark, S.; Craig, P.J.Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 1988,3, 735–736.
Attar, K.M.Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1996,10, 317–337.
López-Ávila, V.Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 1999,29, 195–230.
Ferrer, I.; Barceló, D.Trends in Analytical Chemistry 1999,18, 180–192.
Caricchia, A.M.; Chiavarini, S.; Cremisini, C.; Morabito, R.; Ubaldi, C.International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 1993,53, 37–52.
Thurman, E.M.; Mills, M.S.Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles and Practice, Wiley, New York, 1998.
Cai, Y.; Bayona, J.M.Journal of Chromatographic Science 1995,33, 89–97.
Bermejo-Barrera, P.; González-Campos, P.; Ferrón-Novais, M.; Bermejo-Barrera, A.Talanta 1998,46, 1479–1484.
Astruc, A.; Astruc, M.; Pinel, R.; Potin-Gautier, M.Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1992,6, 39–47.
Lu, T. Ch.; Whang, Ch.W.Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 1995,42, 515–520.
Ide, K.; Kohri, M.; Sato, K.; Inoue, Y.; Okochi, H.Bunseki Kagaku 1999,48, 245–252.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Díez, S., Ortiz, L. & Bayona, J.M. Off-line solid-phase extraction procedure for the determination of phenyl and butyltin compounds from aqueous matrices followed by GC-FPD determination. Chromatographia 52, 657–663 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02789767
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02789767