Summary
The observed hadrons in excess, larger-than-expected charged mesons (pions) in cosmic-ray families detected in emulsion chamber experiment at mountain altitude (5220 m above sea level) and produced in cosmic-ray hadronic interaction not far from PeV energy region are here studied. The hypothesis that these extra hadrons could be a bundle of surviving nuclear fragments (nucleons) is verified through a simulation method using a hybrid code composed by a superposition model to describe the number of interacting pairs of nucleon-nucleon in a nucleus-nucleus collision. Together with the UA5 algorithm to describe nucleon-nucleon collision, atmospheric propagation structure is also considered. A comparison between simulation output with experimental data shows that the surviving-nuclear-fragments hypothesis is not enough to explain non-pionic hadron excess, even if a heavy dominance composition in the primary flux is considered.
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Navia, C.E., Augusto, C.R.A., Pinto, F.A. et al. Hadron-rich cosmic-ray families detected by emulsion chamber. Nuov Cim A 108, 1341–1355 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02789487
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02789487