Abstract
The diffusion-limited binding kinetics of antigen (analyte), in solution with antibody (receptor) immobilized on a biosensor surface, is analyzed within a fractal framework. Most of the data presented is adequately described by a single-fractal analysis. This was indicated by the regression analysis provided by Sigmaplot. A single example of a dual-fractal analysis is also presented. It is of interest to note that the binding-rate coefficient (k) and the fractal dimension (Df) both exhibit changes in the same and in the reverse direction for the antigen-antibody systems analyzed. Binding-rate coefficient expressions, as a function of the Df developed for the antigen-antibody binding systems, indicate the high sensitivity of thek on the Df when both a single- and a dual-fractal analysis are used. For example, for a single-fractal analysis, and for the binding of antibody Mab 0.5β in solution to gpl20 peptide immobilized on a BIAcore biosensor, the order of dependence on the Df was 4.0926. For a dual-fractal analysis, and for the binding of 25-100 ng/mL TRITC-LPS (lipopolysaccharide) in solution with polymyxin B immobilized on a fiberoptic biosensor, the order of dependence of the binding-rate coefficients, k1 and k2 on the fractal dimensions, Df1 and Df2, were 7.6335 and-11.55, respectively. The fractional order of dependence of thek(s) on the Df(s) further reinforces the fractal nature of the system. Thek(s) expressions developed as a function of the Df(s) are of particular value, since they provide a means to better control biosensor performance, by linking it to the heterogeneity on the surface, and further emphasize, in a quantitative sense, the importance of the nature of the surface in biosensor performance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Scheller, F. W., Hintsche, R., Pfeifer, D., Schubert, D., Rediel, K., and Kindevater, R., (1991).Sensors Actuators 4, 197–206.
Whetton, C. (1977).Instrument. Technol, August, 24.
Pisarchick, M. L., Gesty, D., and Thompson, N. L. (1992).Biophys. J. 63, 215–223.
Bluestein, B. I., Craig, M., Slovacek, R., Stundtner, L., Uricouli, C., Walziak, I., and Luderer, A. (1991). InBiosensors with Fiberoptics (Wise, D., and Wingard, L. B., Jr., eds.), Humana, Clifton, NJ, pp. 181–223.
Eddowes, M. J. (1987/1988).Biosensors 3, 1–15.
Place, J. R., Sutherland, R. M., Riley, A., and Mangan, C. (1991). InBiosensors with Fiberoptics (Wise, D., and Wingard, L. B., Jr., eds.), Humana, Clifton, NJ, pp. 253–291.
Stenberg, M., Stiblert, L., and Nygren, H. A. (1986).J. Theor. Biol. 120, 129–142.
Nygren, H. A., and Stenberg, M. (1985).J. Colloid Interface Sci. 107, 560–566.
Stenberg, M., and Nygren, H. A. (1982).Anal. Biochem. 127, 183–192.
Sadana, A., and Sii, D. (1992).J. Colloid Interface Sci. 151, 166–177.
Sadana, A., and Sii, D. (1992).Biosens. Bioelectron. 7, 559–568.
Sadana, A., and Madagula, A. (1994).Biosens. Bioelectron. 9, 45–55.
Sadana, A., and Beela-Ram A., (1995).Biosens. Bioelectron. 10, 301–316.
Leung, P. T., Pollardknight, D., Malan, G. P., and Finlan, M. F. (1994).Sensors Actuators B 22, 175–185.
Kopelman, R. (1988).Science 241, 1620–1626.
Pfeifer, P., and Obert, M. (1989). InFractal Approach to Heterogeneous Chemistry: Surfaces, Colloids, Polymers (Avnir, D., ed.), J. Wiley, New York, pp. 11–43.
Pajkossy, T., and Nyikos, L. (1989).Electrochim. Acta 34, 171–179.
Lee, C. K., and Lee, S. L. (1995).Surface Sci. 325, 294–312.
Markel, V. A., Muratov, L. S., Stockman, M. I., and George, T. F. (1991).Phys. Rev. B. 43(10), 8183–8189.
Liebovitch, L. S., and Sullivan, J. M. (1987).Biophys. J. 52, 979–988.
Liebovitch, L. S., Fischbarg, J., Koniarek, J. P., Todorova, I., and Wang, M. (1987).Math. Biosci. 84, 37–68.
Li, H., Chen, S., and Zhao, H. (1990).Biophys. J. 58, 1373–1380.
Dewey, T. G., and Bann, J. H. (1992).Biophys. J. 63, 594–598.
Goetze, T., and Brinkmann, J. (1992).Biophys. J. 61, 109–116.
West, G. B., Brown, J. H., and Enquist, B. J. (1997).Science 276, 122–126.
Goldberger, A. L., Rigney, D. R., and West, B. R. (1990).Sci. Am. February, 43–52.
Sorenson, C. M., and Roberts, G. C. (1997).J. Colloid Interface Sci. 186, 447–456.
Milum, J., and Sadana, A. (1997).J. Colloid Interface Sci. 187, 128–139.
Sadana, A. (1997).J. Colloid Interface Sci. 190, 232–240.
Sadana, A., and Sutaria, M. (1997).Biophys. Chem. 65, 29–42.
Sadana, A., and Madagula, A. (1993).Biotechnol. Prog. 9, 259–266.
Di Cera, E. (1991).J. Chem. Phys. 95, 5082–5089.
Cuypers, P. A., Willems, G. M., Kop, J. M., Corsel, J. W., Jansen, M. P., and Hermens, W. T. (1987) inProteins at Interfaces. Physicochemical and Biochemical Studies (Brash, J. L. and Horbett, T. A., eds.), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 208–211.
Anderson, J. (1993)NIH Panel Review Meeting, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, July.
Sadana, A., and Beelaram A. (1995)Biosens. Bioelectron. 10, 1567–1575.
Sadana, A. (1995)Biotechnol. Progr. 11, 50–57.
Sadana, A., and Beelaram, A. (1994)Biotechnol. Prog. 10, 291–298.
Sadana, A., and Sutaria, M. (1997)Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 62(2-3), 275–290.
Havlin, S. (1989) inFractal Approach to Heterogeneous Chemistry: Surfaces, Colloids, Polymers (Avnir, D., ed.), Wiley, New York, pp. 251–269.
Rogers, M. and Edelfrawi, M. (1991)Biosens. Bioelectron. 6, 46–56.
Jandel Scientific (1993),Sigmaplot, Scientific Graphing Software, User’s Manual, San Rafael, CA.
James, E. A., Schmeltzer, K., and Ligler, F. S. (1996)Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 60, 180–189.
Richalet-Secordel, P. M., Rauffer-Bruyere, N., Christensen, L. L. H., Ofenloch-Haehnle, B., Seidel, C., and Van Regenmortel, M. H. V. (1997)Anal. Biochem. 249, 165–175.
Malhotra, A., and Sadana, A. (1987)Biotech. Bioeng. 30, 717–725.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sadana, A. Analyte-receptor binding kinetics for biosensor applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 73, 89–112 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02785648
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02785648