Abstract
Normal and uremic adult male rats were given a daily ip injection of 20 mg Al (Al chloride)/kg for 14 d. The results indicate that Al induces a significant decrease in food ingestion, weight gain, and total protein concentration in the plasma. Compared with control animals, very high increases in Al levels were found in plasma and hepatic homogenates (about 36 and 19 times, respectively). In the brain homogenates, the Al increases were lower (about 23%). The brain cholineacetyltransferase activity was reduced: 10.6 and 14.9% in normal and uremic rats, respectively. The nephrectomy and the food restriction did not affect the total protein concentrations in plasma and the cerebral cholineacetyltransferase activity. Both were only found to be reduced in the rats treated by Al chloride.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. C. Alfrey, G. R. Le Gendre, and W. D. Kaehny, The dialysis encephalopathy syndrome. Possible aluminum intoxication,N. Engl. J. Med. 294, 184 (1976).
W. D. Kaehny, A. C. Alfrey, R. E. Holman, and W. J. Shorr, Aluminum transfer during haemodialysis,Kidney Int. 12, 361 (1977).
P. F. Gilli, F. Fagioli, P. L. Malacarne, U. Bedani, C. Buoncristiani, F. Carobi, F. Locatelli, and A. Farinelli, Serum aluminum levels and peritoneal dialysis,Int. J. Artif. Organs 7, 107 (1984).
I. S. Parkinson, M. K. Ward, and D. N. S. Kerr, Dialysis encephalopathy, bone disease and anaemia. The aluminum intoxication syndrome during regular haemodialysis,J. Clin. Pathol. 34, 1285 (1981).
R. R. Recker, A. J. Blotcky, J. A. Leffler, and E. P. Rack, Evidence for aluminum absorption from gastrointestinal tract and bone deposition by aluminum carbonate ingestion with normal renal function,J. Lab. Clin. Med. 90, 810 (1977).
G. L. Klein, A. C. Alfrey, N. L. Miller, D. J. Sherrard, M. E. Hazlet, M. E. Ament, and J. W. Coburn, Aluminum loading during total parenteral nutrition,Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 35, 1425 (1982).
C. M. Yates, J. Simpson, D. Russel, and A. Gordon, Cholinergic enzymes during neurofibrillary degeneration produced by aluminum,Brain Res. 197, 269 (1980).
S. S. Krishnan, J. E. Harrison, and D. R. Crapper McLachlan, Origin and resolution of the aluminum controversy concerning Alzheimer’s neurofibrillary degeneration,Biol. Trace Element Res. 13, 35 (1987).
J. M. Candy, A. E. Oakley, F. Watt, G. W. Grime, J. Klinowski, R. H. Perry, and J. A. Edwardson, A role for aluminum, silicon and iron in the genesis of senile plaques,Modern Trends Aging Res. 147, 443 (1986).
R. G. King, Do raised aluminum levels in Alzheimer’s dementia contribute to cholinergic neural deficits?Med. Hypotheses. 14, 301 (1974).
J. R. Hofstetter, I. Vincent, O. Bugiani, B. Ghetti, and J. A. Richter, Aluminum induced decreases in choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and glutamate decarboxylase in selected regions of the rabbit brain,Neurochem. Pathol. 6, 177 (1987).
G. Cherroret, D. Desor and P. R. Lehr, In vitro effects of aluminum chloride on choline acetyltransferase activity of the rat brain during postnatal growth,Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52, 487 (1994a).
G. Cherroret, B. Capolaghi, D. Burnel, D. Desor, J. M. Keller, and P. R. Lehr, Effets d’une intoxication aluminique par intubation gastrique chez le rat adulte: étude comparative avec le rat en développement,Bull. Acad. Soc. Lorr. Sciences. 33, 61 (1994b).
A. Chanutin and E. B. Ferris, Experimental renal insufficiency produced by partial nephrectomy,Arch. Int. Med. 49, 767 (1932).
F. Fonnum, A rapid radiochemical method for the determination of choline acetyltransferase,J. Neurochem. 24, 407 (1975).
J. Glowinski and L. L. Iversen, Regional studies of catecholamines in the rat brain. I. The disposition of (3H) norepinephrine, (3H) dopamine and (3H) dopa in various regions of the brain,J. Neurochem. 13, 655 (1966).
O. H. Lowry, N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall, Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent,J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265 (1951).
M. A. K. Markwell, S. M. Haas, L. L. Bieber, and N. E. Tolbert, A modification in the Lowry procedure to simplify protein determination in membrane and lipoprotein samples,Anal. Biochem. 87, 206 (1978).
I. Gutmann and H. U. Bergmeyer,Urea Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, vol. IV, 2nd ed., Academic, New York, pp. 1794–1798 (1974).
H. Bartels, M. Böhmer, and C. Heierli, Serum Kreatininbestimmung ohne enterweissen,Clin. Chim. Acta. 37, 193 (1972).
M. H. Town, S. Gehm, B. Hammer, and J. Ziegenhorn, A sensitive colorimetric method for the enzymatic determination of uric acid,J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 23, 591 (1985).
B. J. Winer,Statistical Principles in Experimental Design, vol. 1, 2nd ed, McGraw-Hill, New York (1971).
N. Gretz, E. Meisinger, R. Waldherr, and M. Strauch, Acute renal failure after 5/6 nephrectomy: histological and functional changes,Contr. Nephrol. 60, 56 (1988).
R. Ondreicka, E. Ginter, and J. Kortus, Chronic toxicity of aluminum in rats and mice and its effects on phosphate metabolism,Br. J. Ind. Med. 23, 305 (1966).
G. M. Berlyne, R. Yagel, J. Ben-Ali, G. Weinberger, E. Knopf, and G. M. Danovitch, Aluminum toxicity in rats,Lancet 1, 564 (1972).
J. M. Llobet, J. L. Domingo, M. Gomez, J. M. Tomas, and J. Corbella, Acute toxicity of aluminum compounds: antidotal efficacy of several chelating agents,Pharmacol. Toxicol. 60, 280 (1987).
H. Bräunlich, Ch. Fleck, L. Kersten, G. Stein, V. Laske, A. Müller, and E. Keil, Renal effects of aluminum in ureamic rats and in rats with intact kidney function,J. Appl. Toxicol. 6, 55 (1986).
P. Galle, C. P. Giudicelli, Th. Nebout, A. Baglin, and D. Fries, Ultrastructural localization of aluminum in hepatocytes of hemodialized patients,Ann. Pathol. 7, 163 (1987).
A. I. Arieff, J. D. Cooper, D. Armstrong, and V. C. Lazarowitz, Dementia, renal failure and brain aluminum,Ann. Intern. Med. 90, 741 (1979).
H. Thurston, G. R. Gilmore, and J. D. Swales, Aluminum retention and toxicity in chronic renal failure,Lancet 1, 881 (1972).
Y. L. Chan, A. C. Alfrey, S. Posen, D. Lissner, E. Hills, C. R. Dunstan, and R. A. Evans, Effects of aluminum on normal and uraemic rats: tissue distribution, vitamin D metabolites, and quantitative bone histology,Calcif. Tissue Int. 35, 344 (1983).
G. Cherroret, V. Bernuzzi, D. Desor, M. F. Hutin, D. Burnel, and P. R. Lehr, Effects of postnatal aluminum exposure on choline acetyltransferase activity and learning abilities in the rats,Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 14, 259 (1992).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cherroret, G., Desor, D., Hutin, M.F. et al. Effects of aluminum chloride on normal and uremic adult male rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 54, 43–53 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02785319
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02785319