Abstract
Mineral and trace element interactions were studied in a balance trial with rats. Calcium, copper, and zinc were supplied to a rapeseed meal diet in a factorial design. Animals were fedad libitum, and absorption, excretion, and retention of the elements were evaluated either as fractions of total intake or in relation to nitrogen retention to account for differences in food intake and lean body mass increment. The intrinsic content of minerals and trace elements was sufficient to support growth at a rate that could be expected from the rapeseed protein quality. However, when calcium was included in the diet, the intrinsic dietary level of zinc appeared to be limiting, despite the fact that the zinc level was twice the recommended level. Additional zinc supply reversed growth impairment. This calcium-zinc interaction is believed to be owing to the formation of phytate complexes. Calcium addition influenced the calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and iron—but not the copper—balances. The addition of calcium reduced the availability of the intrinsic zinc, whereas no effect was seen in the zinc-fortified groups. The availability of intrinsic copper was in a similar way significantly impaired by addition of dietary zinc, where-as copper-supplied groups were unaffected by zinc addition. Intrinsic iron availability was also dependent upon zinc addition, although in a more ambigouus way. Thus, addition of extrinsic minerals to a diet high in phytate can result in significant impairments of growth and mineral utilization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. L. O'Dell and J. E. Savage,Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 103, 304 (1960).
N. T. Davies and S. E. Olpin,Br. J. Nutr. 41, 591 (1979).
E. R. Morris and R. EllisJ. Nutr. 110, 1037 (1980).
R. M. Forbes, H. M. Parker, and J. W. Erdman, Jr.J. Nutr. 114, 1421 (1984).
N. T. Davies, A. J. P. Carswell, and C. F. Mills,Trace Elements in Man and Animals (TEMA-5), C. F. Mills, I. Bremner, and J. K. Chesters, eds., C. A. B. Publ., Royal, Farnham, 1985, pp. 456–457.
E. J. Fordyce, R. M. Forbes, K. R. Robbins, and J. W. Erdman, Jr.,J. Food Sci. 52, 440 (1987).
D. Oberleas, M. E. Muhrer, and B. L. O'Dell,J. Nutr. 90, 56 (1966).
N. T. Davies and R. Nightingale,Br. J. Nutr. 34, 243 (1975).
B. Nävert, B. Sandström, and Å. Cederblad,Br. J. Nutr. 53, 47 (1985).
J. R. Turnlund, J. C. King, W. R. Keyes, B. Gong, and M. C. Michel,Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 40, 1071 (1984).
L. Hallberg, L., Rossander, and A.-B. Skånberg,Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 45, 988 (1987).
J. R. Turnlund, J. C. King, B. Gong, W. R. Keyes, and M. C. Michel,Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 42, 18 (1985).
A. C. Magee and G. Matrone,J. Nutr. 72, 233 (1960).
A. C. Hall, B. W. Young, and I. Bremner,J. Inorg. Biochem. 11, 57 (1979).
P. W. F. Fischer, A. Giroux, and M. R. L'Abbe,Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34, 1670 (1981).
G. M. Hill, P. K. Ku, E. R. Miller, D. E. Ullrey, T. A. Losty, and B. L. O'Dell,J. Nutr. 113, 867 (1983).
N. F. Adham and M. K. Song,Nutr. Metab. 24, 281 (1980).
J. R. Turnlund, W. R. Keyes, and H. L. Anderson,Trace Elements in Man and Animals (TEMA 7), B. Momcilovic, ed., IMI Zagreb, Yugoslavia, 1990.
D. H. Cox and D. L. Harris,J. Nutr. 70, 514 (1960).
B. L. O'Dell,J. Nutr. 119, 1832 (1989).
N. W. Solomons, O. Pineda, F. Viteri, and H. H. Sandstead,J. Nutr. 113, 337 (1983).
N. W. Solomons,J. Nutr. 116, 927 (1986).
National Research Council, Nutrient requirements of the laboratory rat. National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC (1978).
B. O. Eggum, National Institute of Animal Science, Report no. 406. Copenhagen (1973).
C. B. Stuffins,Analyst,92, 107 (1967).
A.-S. Sandberg and R. Ahderinne,J. Food Sci. 51, 547 (1986).
G. E. P. Box, W. G. Hunter, and J. S. Hunter,Statistics for experimenters. An Introduction to Design, Data Analysis, and Model Building. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1978.
Sas Institute Inc.,SAS Users Gudie: Statistical Version 5. N. C. Gary, ed., SAS Institute Inc., North Carolina, 1985.
C. F. Mills,Ann. Rev. Nutr. 5, 173 (1985).
J. Toothill,Br. J. Nutr. 17, 125 (1963).
J. Behar,Am. J. Physiol. 229, 1590 (1975).
J. M. O'Donnell and M. W. Smith,J. Physiol. 229, 733 (1973).
L. L. Hardwick, M. R. Jones, N. Brautbar, and D. B. N. Lee,J. Nutr. 121, 13 (1991).
T. Larsen and B. Sandström, (1992) Effect of dietary calcium level on mineral and trace element utilization from a rapeseed diet fed to ileum-fistulated pigs.Br. J. Nutr. (in press).
A. Nahapetian and V. R. Young,J. Nutr. 110, 1458 (1980).
A. Wise, C. P. Richards, and M. L. Trimble,Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45, 313 (1983).
J. H. Moore and C. Tyler,Br. J. Nutr. 9, 81 (1955).
L. Rossander-Hultén, M. Brune, B. Sandström, B. Lönnerdal, and L. Hallberg,Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 54, 152 (1991).
N. W. Solomons,Nutritional, Bioavailability of Zinc, G. E. Inglett, ed. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. Symposium series 210, chap. 18, 1983, pp. 247–271.
T. Larsen and B. Sandström,Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 35, 185–199 (1992).
M. P. Richards and R. J. Cousins,Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 153, 52 (1976).
M. P. Richards and R. J. Cousins,Biochem., Biophys. Res. Commun. 75, 286 (1977).
H. E. Sandstead and G. W. Evans,Nutrition Reviews: Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 5th ed., R. E. Olson, H. P. Broquist, C. O. Chichester, W. J. Darby, A. C. Kolbye, and R. M. Stalvey, eds., The Nutrition Foundation, Inc., Washington DC, 1984, pp. 479–505.
P. Oestreicher and R. J. Cousins,J. Nutr. 115, 159 (1985).
A. S. Prasad, G. J. Brewer, E. B. Schoomaker, and P. Rabbani,JAMA 240, 2166 (1978).
D. August, M. Janghorbani, and V. R. Young,Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 50, 1457 (1989).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Larsen, T., Sandström, B. Effect of calcium, copper, and zinc levels in a rapeseed meal diet on mineral and trace element utilization in the rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 35, 167–184 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02783728
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02783728