Teoria della microscopia in contrasto di fase

Riassunto

Viene posto in evidenza il carattere esclusivamente interferenziale del procedimento diZernike, facend olo derivare da un tipo di microscopio interferometrico. Si svolge una teoria diretta ad individuare oltre agli effetti qualitativi delle caratteristiche di un microscopio, quali il campo, l'apertura e l'illuminazione, anche la dipendenza del fenomeno dal tipo generico del preparato.

Summary

The present treatment of the phase-contrast procedure, intends to be general enough to be valid under every circumstance of importance in microscopic vision, such as the position of the light source, the presence and magnitude of aperture and field-stops, the structure of the specimen, and eventually the aberrations of the optical system.

This scheme is carried out by showing how a full-contrast image of a phase specimen can be obtained by a purely interferential procedure, by the superposition of the light wave modulated by the specimen and a coherent reference-wave.

The mathematical theory of such an idealinterforometric microscope shows immediately howF. Zernike procedure is simply an useful approximation of the full interferometric one.

The extremely general and simple mathematical relations show how the different parameters involved are responsible for the general behaviour of the phase-contrast phenomena.