Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of prolonged restriction of motor activity (hypokinesia [HK]) on several parameters of water metabolism in primates. The studies were performed on 12 rhesus monkeys aged 4–5 yr (5.10–6.85 kg) during the hypokinetic period of 90 d and during the prehypokinetic period of 30 d. They were divided into two equal groups: the first group was placed under ordinary vivarium conditions (vivarium control animals) and the second group was subjected to 90 d of HK (hypokinetic animals). For the simulation of the hypokinetic effect, the primates were immobilized on their abdomens in special tables. The legs of the monkeys were immobilized with hip and knee joints extended. The primates retained freedom of movement at elbow, wrist, and ankle. During the preexperimental period of 30 d and during the experimental period of 90 d, the following variables were determined: body weight, total body fluid content, specific total body fluid, mean fluid consumed and eliminated in urine, specific plasma resistance, hematocrit level, and plasma concentrations of sodium (Na) and potassium (K). In the hypokinetic primates, body weight decreased significantly when compared to the controls. Mean fluid intake, total body fluid, and specific total body fluid decreased, whereas mean daily fluid loss and specific mean daily fluid elimination increased significantly. Specific plasma resistance, hematocrit level, and plasma electrolyte concentrations increased significantly when compared to the control primates. It was concluded that prolonged restriction of motor activity induces significant changes in water metabolic parameters of primates leading in decreased total water content of the body.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V. P. Krotov,Kinetics and Regulation of Fluid-Electrolyte Metabolism in Hypokinetic Humans and Animals, “Interkosmos” Council, Academy of Sciences USSR and Directorate of Cosmic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Healthy USSR, Moscow, p. 350 (1977).
A. I. Grigor'yev,Regulation of Fluid Electrolyte Metabolism and Renal Functions in Man During Cosmic Flights, “Interkosmos” Council, Academy of Sciences USSR and Directorate of Cosmic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Health USSR, Moscow, p. 289 (1980).
L. I. Kakurin, G. S. Arzamazov, and A. I. Grigor'yev, Kaliupetic renal function in man as related to different degrees of exercise during bed rest,Kosmichesk. Biol. Aviakosmichesk. Med. 4, 13–17 (1978).
Y. G. Zorbas, Y. F. Federenko, and K. A. Naexu, Calcium loading and renal function in trained subjects during restriction of muscular activity and chronic hyperhydration,Biol. Trace Element Res. 4, 137–156 (1994).
O. G. Gazenko, A. I. Grigor'yev, and V. Yu, Fluid electrolyte homeostasis and weightlessness, Natochin, Kosmichesk.Biol. Aviakomischesk. Med. 5, 3–10 (1980).
Y. G. Zorbas, M. N. Ichinose, and M. B. Sakagamis, Fluid electrolyte changes in phyically healthy subjects during prolonged restriction of motor activity and daily hyperhydration,Materia Medical Polona 86, 97–107 (1986).
I. S. Balakhovskiy, R. K. Kisselev, and M. A. Kaplan, Changes in total body potassium, hemoglobin and bromine space in the crew of Soyuz-14,Kosmicheskaya Biol,3, 11–15 (1978).
Y. G. Zorbas, A. I. Ivanov, and Y. K. Imura, Changes in total body potassium, hemoglobin and bromine space after hypokinesia.Materia Medica Polona 4, 300–308 (1990).
A. I. Grigor'yev, B. R. Dorokhova, G. S. Arzamazov, and B. V. Morukov, Ion regulating function of human kidneys during long-term cosmic flights and in model studies,Kosmichesk. Biol. 1, 29–33 (1982).
Y. G. Zorbas, K. A. Naexu, and Y. F. Federenko, Effect of potassium and calcium loading in healthy subject under hypokinesia and physical exercise with fluid and salt supplementation,Acta Astronautica 36, 183–189 (1995).
Yo. A. Kovalenko and N. N. Gurovskiy,Hypokinesia, Meditsina, Moscow (1980).
I. V. Federov,Metabolism Under Hypodynamic Conditions, Meditsina, Moscow (1982).
Yu. N. Kasatkin, V. P. Krotov, and L. L. Romanovskaya,Investigations of Fluid Metabolism Using “Tritium Water,” Methodological Recommendations. Nauka, Moscow (1977).
Y. G. Zorbas, A. L. Ivanov, and Y. N. Fuziyama, Water mineral metabolism in muscles and tissues of rabbits under hypokinesia.Materia Medica Polona 4, 265–275 (1990).
Y. G. Zorbas, K. A. Naexu, and M. K. Imanov, Electrolyte and hormonal changes in rats during prolonged restriction of motor activity,Modelling Simulation Control 30, 67–81 (1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zorbas, Y.G., Kuznetsov, N.A. & Yaroshenko, Y.N. Water metabolic parameter changes in rhesus monkeys during exposure to prolonged restriction of motor activity. Biol Trace Elem Res 57, 169–181 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02778200
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02778200