Abstract
Identification of the 329 spots visible in 2D gels of plant mitochondrial proteins is a challenge. This paper describes a 2D mini-gel protocol involving free-radical scavengers and purified reagents to make it compatible with protein sequencing, and evaluates its performance. The paper also describes a “FastBlot” sequencing cycle with the cycle time for protein sequencing from PVDF membranes reduced to less than 29 min with femtomole sensitivity. Other benefits of the cycle include reduced lag, reduced background, reduced loss of labile residues, and increased initial and repetitive yields. The procedure gave excellent results with maize mitochondrial proteins: of six protein spots that we tried to sequence, only one was blocked. The other spots yielded considerable sequence information. One spot was identified from the sequence as superoxide dismutase, while another spot corresponded to an unidentified cDNA from rice. The results of these experiments show that modifications of our previous procedures can provide good N-terminal protein sequencing from individual spots on 2D gels. The technique makes it possible to obtain sequence data, prepare gene probes, and identify many of the polypeptides in the 2D-gel map for plant mitochondria.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- 2D:
-
two-dimensional
- CAPS:
-
3-[cyclohexylamino]-1-propanesulphonic acid)
- ddH2O:
-
distilled-deionized water
- DPU:
-
N,N-diphenylthiourea
- IEF:
-
isoelectric focusing
- PVDF:
-
polyvinylidene difluoride
- TEMED:
-
N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyleneethylenediamine
References
Barent, R. L., and T.E. Elthon. 1992. Two-dimensional gels: An easy method for large quantities of proteins. Plant Mol. Biol. Reptr. 10: 338–344.
Bauw, G., M. De Loose, D. Inze, M. Van Montagu, and J. Vandekerckhov. 1987. Alterations in the phenotype of plant cells studied by NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of proteins electroblotted from two-dimensional gel-separated total extracts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:4806–4810.
Bowler, C., T. Alliotte, M. De Loose, M. Van Montagu and D. Inze. 1989. The induction of manganese superoxide dismutate in response to stress inNicotiana plumbaginifolia. EMBO J. 8:31–38.
Brune, D.C. 1992. Alkylation of cysteine with acrylamide for protein-sequence analysis. Anal. Biochem. 207:285–290.
Dunbar, B., and S.B. Wilson, 1994. A buffer exchange procedure giving enhanced resolution to polyacrylamide gels pre-run for protein sequencing. Anal. Biochem. 216:227–228.
Genetics Computer Group. 1991. Program manual for the GCG Package Version 7.
Guy, C. L. 1989. Sequence information and preparation of antibodies for proteins resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: No longer just spots on gels. Physiol. Plant. 76:615–620.
Hayes, M.K., M.H. Leuthy, and T.E. Elthon, 1991. Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from corn purification of multiple forms. Plant Physiol. 97:1381–1387.
Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:681–685.
Larson E., B. Howlett, and A. Jagendorf. 1986. Artificial reductant enhancement of the Lowry method for protein determination. Anal. Biochem. 155:234–248.
Lund, A. A., S.C. Johnson, and T.E. Elthon. 1992. A two-dimensional map of corn mitochondrial proteins, pp 251–260 inPlant Mitochondria, U. Kück, A. Brennicke, eds, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Germany.
Maio, Z., and J.J. Gaynor. 1993. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of Mn-superoxide dismutase from the rubber treeHevea brasiliensis. Plant Mol. Biol. 23:267–277.
Matsudaira, P. 1987. Sequence from picomole quantities of proteins electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 262:10035–10038.
Reim, D. F. and D. W. Speicher, 1993. High sensitivity gas phase sequence analysis of proteins on PVDF membranes using short cycle times. Anal. Biochem. 214:87–95.
Tempst, P., A.J. Link, L.R. Riviere, M. Fleming, and C. Elicone. 1990. Internal sequence analysis of proteins separated on polyacrylamide gels at the submicrogram level: Improved methods, applications and gene cloning strategies. Electrophoresis 11:537–553.
Towbin H., T. Staehelin, and J. Gordon. 1979. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:4350–4354.
White, J. A., and J.G. Scandalios. 1988. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA for mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD-3) of maize and its relation to other manganese superoxide dismutases. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 951:61–70.
Wong-Vega, L., J.J. Burke, and R.D. Allen. 1991. Isolation and sequence analysis of a cDNA that encodes pea manganese superoxide dismutase. Plant Mol. Biol. 17:1271–1274.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dunbar, B., Elthon, T.E., Osterman, J.C. et al. Identification of plant mitochondrial proteins: A procedure linking two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to protein sequencing from PVDF membranes using a FastBlot cycle. Plant Mol Biol Rep 15, 46–61 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02772112
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02772112