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In vitro development ofCampoletis sonorensis (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a larval endoparasitoid ofheliothis virescens (Lep.: Noctuidae) in an artificial medium with insect sources from egg to third larval instar

Développementin vitro deCampoletis sonorensis (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), endoparasitoïde d’Heliothis virescens (Lep.: Noctuidae), dans un milieu artificiel, de l’oeuf au troisième stade larvaire

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Abstract

Effects of host hemolymph, fat body, and epidermal cell extracts on growth and development ofCampoletis sonorensis in vitro were studied. A simple cell culture medium preconditioned with intact fat body for several days improved growth of the parasitoid larvae while the addition of macerated fat body had a negative effect. Addition of co-cultured host epidermal cell mixture, without any preconditioning with the artificial medium, promoted growth and development ofC. sonorensis. The beneficial chemicals in the epidermal cell mixture were larger than 10 kd but were not cold or heat stable. Addition of unparasitized host larval hemolymph improved the hatching and development of the parasitoid larvae in the artificial medium but hemolymph from parasitized hosts did not. Host pupal hemolymph was also found to be beneficial to growth and development ofC. sonorensis. The effective components of pupal hemolymph were also neither cold nor heat stable and had a molecular weight range between 1 kd and 300 kd. While these host-derived growth factors increased molting and growth, they failed to stimulateC. sonorensis to develop to stages beyond the third instar.

Résumé

Campoletis sonorensis est un endoparasitoïde larvaire de plusieurs noctuides, tels queHeliothis. En utilisant des œufs âgés de 22–24 h prélevés dans l’hémolymphe de l’hôte, presque 100 % d’éclosions ont été obtenues dans un milieu artificiel de base. Celui-ci consiste en un milieu de culture pour tissus d’insectes TNM-FH, modifié en y ajoutant du sérum de foetus bovin, du tréhalose et plusieurs acides aminés. Néanmoins moins de 8,3 % des larves atteignent le troisième stade larvaire et aucun n’arrivait au 5e stade ni au stáde pupe. Bien que l’addition de tissus de l’hôte ou de fractions de ces tissus améliore le pourcentage de larves atteignant le 3e stade, l’hémolymphe des pupes donnant le meilleur résultat avec 47,8% d’obtention de larves de 3e stade, aucune larve n’atteint le 4e stade. Il a été mis en évidence que des molécules d’un poids moléculaire inférieur à 300 kd pouvaient favoriser le développement larvaire. L’incapacité des larves à se développer au-delà du troisième stade larvaire en ajoutant au milieu des tissus de l’hôte suggère, soit que quelque déclencheur du développement est nécessaire, soit que les conditions physiques ou chimiques empêchent un développement ultérieur.

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  1. Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 77843, College Station, Texas, USA

    J. S. Hu & S. B. Vinson

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Hu, J.S., Vinson, S.B. In vitro development ofCampoletis sonorensis (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), a larval endoparasitoid ofheliothis virescens (Lep.: Noctuidae) in an artificial medium with insect sources from egg to third larval instar. BioControl 42, 405–415 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02769834

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