References
M. N. Kurbatskii, G. P. Lezhnev, A. V. Kartashov, et al., “Analysis of the reasons for skull formation in hot-metalcar ladles,” Metallurg, No. 9, 15–17 (1981).
V. A. Chudinov, M. N. Kurbatskii, V. A. Gostenin, et al., “Change in the properties of pig iron and slag during transport,” Ibid., No. 9, 20–21 (1986).
A. F. Zakharov, G. E. Ovchinnikov, B. L. Lazarev, et al., Smelting Vanadium Cast Iron from Titanomagnetite Ores of the Urals. TsNTI, Series 4, Pig-Iron Smelting, No. 1 (1975).
Additional information
Magnitogorsk Mining-Metallurgical Academy (MGMA) and the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine (MMK). Translated from Metallurg, No. 12, p. 13, December, 1997.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kurbatskii, M.N., Vdovin, K.N., Terent'ev, V.L. et al. Mechanism of skull formation in hot-metal-car ladles. Metallurgist 41, 382–383 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02768848
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02768848