Abstract
The multiplicity of the second eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian on smooth Riemannian surfaces with boundary that satisfy certain convexity condition is at most two. The proof is based on variational formulas for eigenvalues under the change of the domain.
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Friedlander, L. On the second eigenvalue of the dirichlet laplacian. Israel J. Math. 79, 23–32 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02764800
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02764800