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The use of NOSTRADAMUS, a numerical transport model, for simulating concentrations and distributions of chromium, cadmium and lead in the Southern North Sea

Anwendung des numerischen Transportmodells NOSTRADAMUS zur Simulation von Konzentration und Verteilung von Chrom, Kadmium und Blei in der südlichen Nordse

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Summary

A numerical transport model, named NOSTRADAMUS, has been developed to simulate concentrations and distributions of a range of EU List I and II metals, including Cr, Cd and Pb in the water column of the southern North Sea. For Cd and Pb, the model takes advantage of data obtained during the observational phase of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) North Sea Project (NSP) during 1988–89 to drive the model and to test the results of model simulations. For Cr, there are no water column measurements from the NSP, and so data from other studies, including those from the more recent NERC LandOcean Interaction Study (LOIS), have been used to assess model results.

NOSTRADAMUS comprises components for transport of water and inorganic and organic suspended particulate matter (SPM); a primary production module contributes to the latter component. Conservative transport is based on an existing 2-D vertically integrated advection-diffusion model, incorporating a 35x35 km grid, for NW European shelf seas. Sediment resuspension by both the M2 tide and wind-wave interactions is included. Metal exchange between dissolved (water) and total SPM (inorganic + organic) phases is driven by distribution coefficients.

Model simulations for both salinity and total SPM show reasonable agreement with depth averaged NSP observations during winter and spring 1989. Simulations of dissolved and particulate Cd and Pb also reproduce the observed concentrations reasonably well. There are, however, clear differences between simulations and observations in some cases, most noticeably for dissolved Cd and Pb during the spring and particulate Pb in winter. There are few measurements of Cr in the North Sea, but simulated concentrations of dissolved and particulate Cr are in good agreement with those reported.

Zusammenfassung

Das numerische Transportmodell NOSTRADAMUS wurde für die Simulation von Konzentration und Verteilung von Metallen der EU-Listen I und II, darunter Cr, Cd und Pb, in der WassersÄule der südlichen Nordsee entwickelt. Bei Cd und Pb wurden für das Modell und die Kontrolle der Simulationsergebnisse Me\ergebnisse des 1988–89 vom Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) durchgeführten North Sea Project (NSP) verwendet. NSP-Me\daten aus der WassersÄule liegen für Cr nicht vor, und es wurden deshalb zur AbschÄtzung der Ergebnisse Daten aus anderen Studien verwendet, z.B. aus der neueren

NERC Land-Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS). NOSTRADAMUS enthÄlt Komponenten für den Transport von Wasser sowie organischen und anorganischen Schwebstoffen (SPM), letztere durch ein PrimÄrproduktionsmodul ergÄnzt. Der konservative Transport basiert auf einem vorhandenen, vertikal integrierenden 2-D Advektions-Diffusionsmodell mit einem 35x35 km Gitternetz für NW-europÄische Schelfmeere. Es berücksichtigt auch die Sedimentresuspension durch die M2-Tide und Wind/Wellenbewegungen. Der Metallaustausch zwischen der im Wasser gelösten Phase und dem Gesamtschwebstoff (organisch und anorganisch) wird durch die Verteilungskoeffizienten berechnet.

Die Modellsimulationen von Salzgehalt und Gesamtschwebstoff zeigen eine recht gute übereinstimmung mit den tiefengemittelten NSP-Beobachtungen im Winter und Frühjahr 1989. Auch Simulationen von gelöstem und partikulÄrem Cd und Pb stimmen recht gut mit den beobachteten Konzentrationen überein. In einigen FÄllen weicht die Simulation klar von den Me\werten ab, insbesondere bei gelöstem Cd und Pb im Frühjahr und bei schwebstoffgebundenem Pb im Winter. Zwar liegen nur wenige Cr-Daten aus der Nordsee vor, aber die Simulation zeigt gute übereinstimmung mit den angegebenen Werten von gelöstem und schwebstoffgebundenem Cr.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, UK

    A. D. Tappin

  2. Department of Oceanography Southampton Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, SOU 3ZH, Southampton, UK

    S. Gellers-Barkmann

  3. Department of Oceanography Southampton Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, England

    J. D. Burton

  4. Department of Oceanography Southampton Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, England

    P. J. Statham

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Tappin, A.D., Gellers-Barkmann, S., Burton, J.D. et al. The use of NOSTRADAMUS, a numerical transport model, for simulating concentrations and distributions of chromium, cadmium and lead in the Southern North Sea. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 49, 411–430 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02764048

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