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Evaluation and treatment of chronic renal failure

  • Symposium: Pediatric Nephrology
  • Published:
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the irreversible deterioration of renal function that gradually progresses to end stage renal disease (ESRD). The chief causes of CRF include obstructive uropathy, primary glomerular diseases, reflux nephropathy and hypoplastic or dysplastic kidneys. Progressive hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration causes increasing glomerular injury and further renal damage. Symptoms of CRF are usually seen when GFR is between 10–25% of normal. Children with severe CRF often suffer from failure to thrive, growth retardation, acidosis, anemia and renal osteodystrophy. Management of CRF aims at retarding progression of renal damage and treatment of complications related to renal dysfunction. Measures suggested to retard progression include protein restriction, strict control of hypertension, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and control of hyperlipidemia. Appropriate amounts of protein and calories are recommended to prevent growth failure. Nutritional supplements are often required. The availability of recombinant erythropoietin, calcitriol and human growth hormone has significantly improved the management of these patients. Once ESRD supervenes, renal replacement therapy in the form of chronic peritoneal or hemodialysis and transplantation is necessary.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, NT #4310, 90048, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Asha Moudgil (Assistant Prof. of Pediatrics)

  2. Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi

    Arvind Bagga

Authors
  1. Asha Moudgil
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  2. Arvind Bagga
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Correspondence to Asha Moudgil.

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Moudgil, A., Bagga, A. Evaluation and treatment of chronic renal failure. Indian J Pediatr 66, 241–253 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02761215

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