Skip to main content

Sleep apnea

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics volume 73, pages 597–601 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

Objective

To study clinical presentation of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children, their causative factors and response to treatment.

Methods

A retrospective study of clinical data nd results of overnight polysomnography done at baseline and after therapy were reviewed in 56 patients under 18 years of age.

Results

Of the 56 patients included in the study 23(41%) cases were positive for SDB. 12 (52.1%) patients had craniofacial abnormalities, 4 (17.3%) had neuromuscular and skeletal disorders, 2 (8.6%) had adenotonsillar hypertrophy, 1 (4.3%) had bilateral vocal cord palsy and 3 (13%) had sleep apnoea associated with multisystemic disorders. Post-operative data showed improvement in all 6 cases of craniofacial abnormalities and both cases of adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Positive airway pressure treatment was useful in cases with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) due to vocal cord palsy, theracic scoliosis, systemic disorders and central hypoventilation.

Conclusion

41% of suspected cases were detected to have SDB. Craniofacial abnormality was the leading cause of OSA in the present study. Surgical correction improved symptoms apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and desaturation in cases of craniofacial disorders and adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Vocal cord palsy thoracic scoliosis, hypoventilation and systemic disorders associated OSA responded to positive airway pressure ventilation.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  1. Isono S, Shimada A, Utsugi Met al. Comparison of static mechanical properties of the passive pharynx between normal children and children with sleep disordered breathing.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 1204–1212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Marcus CL, Curus S, Koerner CB,et al. Evaluation of pulmonary function and polysomnography in obese children and adolescents.Pediatr Pulmonol 1996; 21: 176–183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Marcus CL, Lutz J, Carroll JLet al. Arousal and ventilatory responses during sleep in children with obstructive sleep apnea.Physiol 1998; 84: 1926–1936.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Marcus CL, Bamford O, Lutz Jet al. Response to inspiratory resistive loading during sleep in normal children and children with obstructive sleep apnea.J Appl Physiol 1999; 87:1448–1454.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Carroll JL, Loughlin GM. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in infants and children: clinical features and pathophysiology. In Ferber R, Kryger M. eds.Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine in the Child. Philadelphia; W.B. Saunders Company; 1995; 163–191.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bandla HPR, Gozal D. Dynamic changes in EEG spectra during obstructive apnea in children.Pediatr Pulmonol 1999; 29: 359–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gozal D. Sleep disordered breathing and school performance in children.Pediatrics 1998; 102: 616–620.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Guilleminault C, Partimen M, Praud JPet al. Morphometric facial changes and obstructive sleep apnea in adolescents.J Pediatr 1989; 114: 997–999.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Brouilette RT, Fernbach SK, Hunt CE. Obstructive sleep apnea in infants and children.Pediatr 1982; 10: 32–40.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bar A, Tarastek A, Segev Yet al. The effect of tonsillectomy on insulin like growth factor-1 and growth in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Pediatr 1999; 135: 76–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tal A, Leiberman A, Marguilis Get al. Ventricular dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea: radionuclide assessment. Pediatr Pulmonol 1988; 4: 139–143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Marcus GL, Greene MG, Carroll JLet al. Blood pressure in children in children with obstructive sleep apnea.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 1098–1103.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang X, Wang XX, Liang Cet al. Distraction osteogenesis in correction of micrognathia accompanying obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Plast Reconstr Surg 2003; 112(6): 1549–1557.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Suen JS, Arnold JE, Brooks LJet al. Adenotonsillectomy for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children.Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995; 121: 525–530.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Waters KA, Everett FM, Bruderer JWet al. Obstructive sleep apnea: the use of nasal CPAP in 80 children.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 780–785.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Topiwala National Medical College, B.Y.L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai Central, 400008, Mumbai, India

    Sameer Kumar V. Nanaware, D. Gothi & J. M. Joshi

Authors
  1. Sameer Kumar V. Nanaware
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Gothi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. M. Joshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. M. Joshi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nanaware, S.K.V., Gothi, D. & Joshi, J.M. Sleep apnea. Indian J Pediatr 73, 597–601 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02759925

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02759925

Key words

  • Sleep disorders breathing
  • Polysomnography
  • Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Apnea-hypopnea index