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On the theory of variational principles in quantum mechanics

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Il Nuovo Cimento B (1971-1996)

Summary

A rigorous theory of variational principles in quantum mechanics is formulated. This result is obtained by generalizing the standard theory of the inverse problem of the variational caleulus, according to new concepts of differentiability on complex Banach spaces. Our theory provides sound mathematical foundations to all known variational principles of quantum mechanics and a powerful tool to find new ones. As a simple application, we derive rigorously two variational principles for the time-dependent Schrödinger equation: the conventional one, requiring both an initial and a final condition, and a new one, requiring an initial condition only.

Riassunto

Si formula una teoria rigorosa dei principi variazionali in meccanica quantistica. Quesio risultato è ottenuto generalizzando la teoria standard del problema inverso del calcolo delle variazioni, secondo nuovi concetti di differenziabilità in spazi di Banach complessi. La nostra teoria fornisce un solido fondamento matematico a tutti i principi variazionali della meccanica quantistica già noti ed anche un potente strumento per trovarne dei nuovi. Come semplice applicazione, sono derivati rigorosamente due principi variazionali per l'equazione di Schrödinger dipendente dal tempo: quello usuale, che richiede sia una condizione iniziale che una finale, ed uno nuovo, che richiede una condizione iniziale solamente.

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Work supported by I.N.F.N., Sezione di Catania and by M.P.I.

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Fonte, G. On the theory of variational principles in quantum mechanics. Nuov Cim B 94, 149–167 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02759754

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