Abstract
Acoustic emission (AE) behaviour during fatigue crack growth (FCG) in a ductile AISI type 316 austenitic stainless steel is reported. The two substages in the stage II Paris regime of FCG could be distinguished by a change in the rate of acoustic activity with increase in crack growth rate. The transition point in the cumulative ringdown count plot coincides with that in the da/dn plot. The AE activity increases with increase in ΔK during stage IIa and decreases during stage IIb. The major source of AE during stage IIa is found to be the plastic deformation within the cyclic plastic zone (CPZ) as compared to the phenomena such as monotonic plastic zone (MPZ) expansion, ductile crack growth, crack closure, etc. The increase in AE activity with increase in ΔK during stage IIa is attributed to the increase in the size of the CPZ which is generated and developed only under plane strain conditions. The decrease in AE activity during stage IIb is attributed to the decrease in the size of the CPZ under plane stress condition. The high acoustic activity during the substage IIa is attributed to irreversible cyclic plasticity with extensive multiplication and rearrangement of dislocations taking place within the CPZ. The AE activity is found to strongly depend on the optimum combination of the volume of the CPZ, average plastic strain range and the number of cycles before each crack extension. Based on this, an empirical relationship between the cumulative RDC and ΔK has been proposed and is found to agree well with experimentally observed values.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arthur McEvily J 1988ASTM STP-982 p. 35
ASM Metals Handbook 1968Properties and selection of materials (USA: ASM) 8th Edn. p. 423
American Society for Testing and Materials 1986Standard test method for constant-load-amplitude fatigue crack growth rates above 10 −8m/cycle, ASTM E-647 (USA: ASTM)
Birkheck G, Inckle A E and Waldron G W J 1971J. Mater. Sci. 4 319
Baldev Raj and Jayakumar T 1991ASTM STP-1077 p. 218
Daniel Smith R and Carpenter S H 1988J. Acoust. Emission 7 9
Davidson D L and Lankford J 1983ASTM STP-811 p. 371
Dunegan H L and Tetelman A S 1971Engg. Fract. Mech. 2 387
Dunegan H L, Harris D O and Tatro C A 1968J. Engg. Fract. Mech. 1 105
Dunegan H L, Harris D O and Tetelman A S 1970Mater. Eval. 28 221
Gerberich W W and Hartbower C E 1967Int. J. Fract. Mech. 3 185
Grinberg G M 1982Int. J. Fatigue 4 83
Grinberg G M 1984Int. J. Fatigue 6 229
Guerra Rosa L and Radon J C 1989Advances in fatigue science and technology (eds) C Moura Branco and L Guerra Rosa (Netherlands: Kluwer Academic) p. 141
Guerra Rosa L, Moura Branco C and Radon J 1984Int. J. Fatigue 6 17
Gurevich S E and Edidorich L D 1974Fatigue and fracture toughness of metals (Moscow, USSR: Nauka) p. 36
Hahn G T, Hoagland R G and Rosenfield A R 1972Metall. Trans. A3 1189
Hamel F, Bailon J P and Bassim M N 1981Engg. Fract. Mech. 14 853
Harris D O and Dunegan H L 1974Exp. Mech. 2 71
Hartbower C E, Gerberich W W and Liebowitz H 1968Engg. Fract. Mech. 1 291
Hartbower C E, Reuter W G, Morais C F and Crimmins P O 1972ASTM STP 505 p. 187
Heiple C R and Carpenter S H 1987J. Acoust. Emission 6 177
Hideo Kusanagi, Hideo Kimura, Hiromasa Imaeda, Tadao Ishihara and Shigeo Ohashi 1980Proc. of the 5th int. acoustic emission symposium, Tokyo p. 125
Jacques Lantegne and Jean-Paul Bailon 1981Metall. Trans. A12 459
Laird C and Smith G C 1967Philos. Mag. 7 847
Lindley T C, Palmer I G and Richards C E 1978Mater. Sci. Engg. 32 1
Louat N, Sadananda K, Duesbery M and Vasudevan A K 1993Metall. Trans. A24 2225
Masuda C, Ohta A, Nishijima S and Sasaki E 1980J. Mater. Sci. 15 1663
Moorthy V, Jayakumar T, Bhattacharya D K and Baldev Raj 1991Proc. int. symp. on fatigue and fracture of steel and concrete structures, Madras 1 219
Moorthy V, Jayakumar T and Baldev Raj 1994 To be published
Mori Y, Sahakibara Y, Nagata T, Ohira T and Kishi T 1980Proc. of the 5th AE symp., Tokyo p. 465
Morton T M, Harrington R M and Bjelectich I G 1973Engg. Fract. Mech. 5 691
Navarro A and De Los Rios E R 1992Proc. R. Soc. London A437 375
Neumann P, Fuhlrott H and Vehoff H 1979ASTM STP-675 p. 371
Ohira T, Kishi T and Horeuchi R 1980Proc. of the 5th int. AE symp. Tokyo p. 137
Palmer I G 1973Mater. Sci. Engg. 11 227
Paul Mclintire 1987Non-destructive testing handbook, acoustic emission testing (American Society for NDT) 2nd edn., p. 49
Pickard A C, Ritchie R O and Knott J F 1975Metals Tech. 6 253
Rice J R and Thompson R 1974Philos. Mag. 29 73
Roven H J and Nes E 1991Acta Metall. 39 1735
Sturdy C B, Jones C, Titchmarch J M and Wadley H N G 1981Metal. Sci. 6 241
Suresh S 1991Fatigue of materials (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) p. 162
Tanaka K, Masuda C and Nishijima S 1981Scr. Metall. 13 259
Wang Z F, Li J, Ke W, Zheng Y S, Zhu Z and Wang Z G 1992Scr. Metall. 27 1691
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moorthy, V., Jayakumar, T. & RAJ, B. Acoustic emission behaviour during stage II fatigue crack growth in an AISI type 316 austenitic stainless steel. Bull. Mater. Sci. 17, 699–715 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02757552
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02757552