Skip to main content
Log in

Volume changes during melting and heating of silicon and germanium melts

  • Thermophysical Properties of Materials
  • Published:
High Temperature Aims and scope

Abstract

The temperature dependence of the density of silicon and germanium in the neighborhood of the crystal-melt phase transition is investigated by an improved thermometric method. Changes in volume occurring during transition from the solid to the liquid state are estimated. It is shown that the density increases in the process of crystal-melt phase transition and, accordingly, the specific volume decreases in both silicon and germanium; an increase in pressure noticeably decreases the melting points of both investigated substances. A linear temperature dependence of density in the liquid phase is obtained. The strength characteristics of interatomic bonds are estimated such as the characteristic Debye temperatures and root-mean-square dynamic displacements of atoms from the equilibrium position in the short-range order structure of the melts of the investigated substances. It is shown that the melting process noticeably weakens the cohesive forces between particles and substantially changes the pattern of their oscillation spectrum.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Glazov, V.M., Chizhevskaya, S.N., and Glagoleva, N.N.,Zhidkie poluprovodniki (Liquid Semiconductors), Moscow: Nauka, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Glazov, V.M., Chizhevskaja, C.N., and Glagoleva, N.N.,Liquid Semicoductors, New York: Plenum, 1969.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Regel’, A.R. and Glazov, V.M.,Fizicheskie svoistva elektronnykh rasplavov (The Physical Properties of Electronic Melts), Moscow: Nauka, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gel’d, P.V. and Gertman, Yu.M.,Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 1960, vol. 10, p. 793.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Vatolin, N.A. and Esin, O.A.,Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 1963, vol. 16, p. 936.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Baum, B.A. and Gel’d, P.V., inPoverkhnostnye yavleniya v rasplavakh i voznikayushchikh iz nikh tverdykh fazakh (Surface Phenomena in Melts and in Solid Phases Arising from Those Melts), Nalchik: Kabardino-Balkarskoe Knizhnoe Izd., 1965, p. 293.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Abu, K., Vertman, A.A., and Samarin, A.M.,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Met., 1996, no. 3, p. 19.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Glazov, V.M., Investigation into the Physicochemical Analysis of Semiconductors in the Liquid Phase,Doctoral (Chem.) Dissertation, Moscow: Inst. of General and Inorganic Chemistry, USSR Acad. Sci., 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dzhemilev, N.K., Popel’, S.I., and Tsarevskii, B.V.,Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 1964, vol. 18, p.83.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Elyutin, V.P., Kostikov, V.I., and Levin, V.Ya., Surface Tension and Density of Silicon-Based Melts, inFizicheskaya khimiya poverkhnostnykh yavlenii v rasplavakh (Physical Chemistry of Surface Phenomena in Melts), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1971, p. 153.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Khilya, G.P. and Ivashchenko, Yu.N.,Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ukr.SSR, 1973, no. l,p. 69.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Koniger, A. and Nagel, G.,Giesserei Tech. Wiss. Beih., 1961, vol. 13, p. 57.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Logan, R.A. and Bond, B.Z.,J. Appl. Phys., 1959, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 322.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lucas, L.D.,Mem. Sci., Rev. Metall., 1964, vol. 61, no. 1, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Shergin, L.M., The Temperature Dependence of the Density and Surface Tension of Iron-Nickel-Silicon and Iron-Cobalt-Silicon Melts,Cand. Sci. (Tech.) Dissertation, Sverdlovsk, 1970.

  16. Levin, E.S., Gel’d, P.V., and Shchipacheva, L.S.,Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Tsvetn. Metall, 1968, no. 4, p. 77.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mokrovskii, N.P. and Regel’,A.R., Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1952, vol. 22, no. 7, p. 1281.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tavadze, F.N., Kekua, M.G., Khantadze, D.V., and Tservadze, T.G., The Temperature Dependence of the Surface Tension of Liquid Germanium and Silicon, inPoverkhnostnye yavleniya v rasplavakh (Surface Phenomena in Melts), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1968, p. 159.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Khilya, G.P., Ivashchenko, Yu.N., and Eremenko, V.N., The Investigation of the Temperature Dependence of the Free Surface Energy and Density Copper-Germanium Liquid Alloys, inFizicheskaya khimiya poverkhnostnykh yavlenii v rasplavakh (Physical Chemistry of Surface Phenomena in Melts), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1971, p. 149.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lucas, L.D. and Urbein, G.,C. R. Acad. Sci., 1962, vol. 255, no. 19, p. 241.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Martin-Garin, L., Gomez, M., and Desre, P.,J. Less Common Met., 1975, vol. 41, p. 65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Floka, L.I., The Specific Volumes of Iron-Based Liquid Binary Alloys and Their Surface Properties at the Interfaces with Gas and Graphite,Cand. Sci. (Tech.) Dissertation, Kiev, 1972.

  23. Sasaki, H., Tokizaki, E., Terashima, K., and Kimura, S.,Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 1994, vol. 33, p. 3803.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sasaki, H., Tokizaki, E., Terashima, K., and Kimura, S.,Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 1994, vol. 33, p. 6078.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kawanishi, S., Sasaki, H., Terashima, K., and Kimura, S.,Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 1995, vol. 34, p. 1509.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ikari, A., Sasaki, H., Tokizaki, E.,et al., Jpn. J. Appl Phys., 1995, vol. 34, p. 1017.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Stankus, S.V., Khairulin, R.A., and Tyagel’skii, P.V., The Thermal Properties of Silicon and Germanium in Condensed State,5-ya Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya “Termodinamika i materialovedenie poluprovodnikov” (5th Int. Conf on Semiconductor Thermodynamics and Materials Studies), Moscow: MIET (Moscow Inst. of Electronic Engineering), 1997, p. 111.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Stankus, S.V., Khairulin, R.A., and Tyagel’skii, P.V.,Teplofiz. Vys. Temp., 1999, vol. 37, no. 4, p. 559 (High Temp. (Engl. transi.), vol. 37, no. 4, p. 559).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Rhim, W.K., Chung, S.K., Rulison, A.J., and Spjut, R.E.,Int. J. Thermophys., 1997, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 459.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Rhim, W.K., Chung, S.K., Barber, D.,et al., Rev. Sci., Instrum., 1993, vol. 64, p. 2961.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Petrov, D.A. and Glazov, V.M.,Zavod. Lab., 1958, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 34.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Regel’, A.R. and Glazov, V.M.,Zakonomernostiformirovaniya struktury elektronnykh rasplavov (Regularities of Formation of the Structure of Electronic Melts), Moscow: Nauka, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Regel’, A.R. and Glazov, V.M.,Fiz, Tekh. Poluprovodn., 1983, vol. 17, no. 10, p. 1729.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Glazov, V.M., Kol’tsov, V.B., and Kurbatov, V.A.,Fiz, Tekh. Poluprovodn., 1986, vol. 20, no. 12, p. 2159.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Regel’, A.R., Glazov, V.M., and Kim, S.G.,Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn., 1986, vol. 20, no. 8, p. 1353.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Glazov, V.M., Kim, S.G., and Suleimenov, T.,Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn., 1988, vol. 22, no. 11, p. 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Glazov, V.M. and Kim, S.G.,Fiz, Tekh. Poluprovodn., 1990, vol. 24, no. 10, p. 1790.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Auerbach, F.,Die sieben Anomalien des Wassers. Translated under the titleSem’anomalii vody, Afanas’ev, A.R, Ed., Petrograd: Nauchnoe Knigoizdatel’stvo, 1919.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Touloukian, Y.S., Kirby, R.K., Taylor, R.E., and Desai, P.D., Thermal Expansion: Metallic Elements and Alloys, inThermophysical Properties of Matter, New York, 1975, vol. 12.

  40. Smakula, A. and Sils, V,Phys. Rev., 1955, vol. 99, no. 6, p. 1744.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Patterson, J.B. and Devis, R.S.,J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 1985, vol. 90, no. 4, p. 285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Okaji, M.,Int. J. Thermophys, 1988, vol. 9, no. 6, p. 1101.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Okada, Y. and Tokumaru, Y.,J. Appl. Phys., 1984, vol. 56, no. 2, p. 314.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. Layarman, A., Klement, W., and Kennedy, G.C.,Phys. Rev., 1963, vol. 130, no. 6, p. 2277.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Stankus, S.V., Variation of the Density of Elements upon Melting: General Regularities,Preprint of Inst. of Thermophysics, Siberian Div., Russ. Acad. Sci., Novosibirsk, 1991, no. 257.

  46. Glazov, V.M., Kasymova, M., and Regel’, A.R.,Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn., 1979, vol. 13, no. 10, p. 2049.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Thormeier, K.,Die Loslichkeit von Edelgasen im Reaktorkuhlmittel Natrium und sich daraus ergebende Sicherheitsaspekte. Report KEK 1166, Karlsruhe: Kernforschungszentrum, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Sirota, N.N. and Chizhevskaya, S.N., Characteristic Temperatures of Mg2Si, Mg2Sn, and Si., inFizika ifiziko-khimicheskii analiz (Physics and Physicochemical Analysis), Moscow: Gosstroiizdat, 1957, p. 157.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Glazov, V.M., Pashinkin, A.S., Koshchenko, V.I., and Demidenko, A.F.,Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1971, vol. 45, no. 11, p. 280.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Sirota, R.R.,Izv. Sekt. Fiz. Khim. Anal. Inst. Obshch. Neorg. Khim. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1952, vol. 21, p. 90.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Frantsevich, I.N., Elastic Constants of Metals and Alloys, inVoprosy poroshkovoi metallurgii i prochnosti materialov (Problems in Powder Metallurgy and Strength of Materials), Kiev: AN USSR (Acad. Sci. Ukrainian SSR), 1956, issue 3, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Regel’, A.R. and Glazov, V.M.,Periodicheskii zakon i fizicheskie svoistva elektronnykh rasplavov (The Periodic Law and the Physical Properties of Electronic Melts), Moscow: Nauka, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Glazov, V.M., Shchelikov, O.D. Volume changes during melting and heating of silicon and germanium melts. High Temp 38, 405–412 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02756000

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02756000

Keywords

Navigation