Skip to main content
Log in

Use of nucleic acid probes in the diagnosis of diarrheal disorders

  • Special Article
  • Published:
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

DNA probes have recently been used for the identification of enteric pathogens. The principle of this technique is described and those enteric pathogens which have been identified by DNA hybridization techniques are discussed. This technique has been used primarily to study the epidemiology of enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and identify enteropathogenic determinants in other species of bacteria. DNA hybridization techniques have only been used by well-equipped research laboratories. The recent development of non-radioactive markers for DNA probe should make it feasible for laboratories without ready access to radioisotopes to use this technique in their studies of enteric diseases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cukor G, Blacklow NR. Human viral gastroenteritis.Microbiol Rev 1984;48: 157–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Moseley SL, Huq I, Alim ARMA et al. Detection of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli by DNA colony hybridization.J Infect Dis 1980;142: 892–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Moseley SL, Echeverria P, Seriwatana J et al. Identification of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli using three enterotoxin gene probes.J Infect Dis 1982;145: 863–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Flores J, Purcell RH, Perez I et al. A dothybridization assay for detection of rotavirus.Lancet 1983;1: 555–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Stalhandske P, Huypia T, Gadler H et al. The use of molecular hybridization for demonstration of adenoviruses in human stool.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1983;104: 299–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Seriwatana J, Echeverria P, Escamilla J et al. Identification of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli in patients with diarrhea in Asia with three enterotoxin gene probes.Infect Immun 1983;42: 152–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Moseley SL, Falkow S. Nucleotide sequence homology between heat-labile enterotoxin genes ofEscherichia coli andVibrio cholerae deoxyribonucleic acid.J Bacteriol 1980;144: 444–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Boileau CR, d'Hauteville HM, Sansonetti PJ. DNA hybridization technique to detectShigella species and enteroinvasiveEscherichia coli.J Clin Microbiol 1984;20: 959–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sethabutr O, Hanchalay S, Echeverria P, Taylor DN, Leksomboon U. A non-radioactive DNA probe to identifyShigella and enteroinvasiveEscherichia coli in stools of children with diarrhea.Lancet 1985;ii: 1095–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Nataro JP, Scaletsky ICA, Kaper JB, Levine MM, Trabulsi LR. Plasmid-mediated factors conferring diffuse and localized adherence of enteropathogenicEscherichia coli.Infect Immun 1985;48: 378–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kaper JB, Campen RK, Seidler RS, Baldini MM, Falkow S. Cloning of the thermostable direct or Kanagawa phenomena-associated hemolysin ofVibrio parahaemolyticus.Infect Immun 1984;45: 290–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lanser JA, Anargyros PA. Detection ofEscherichia coli adhesins with DNA probes.J Clin Microbiol 1985;22: 425–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Willshaw GA, Smith HR, Rowe B. Cloning of regions encoding colonization factor antigen I and heat-stable enterotoxin inEscherichia coli.FEMS Microbiol Lett 1983;16: 101–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fitts R, Diamond M, Hamilton C et al. DNA hybridization assay for detection ofSalmonella spp. in foods.Appl Enviro Microbiol 1983;46: 1146–51

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rubin FA, Kopecko DJ, Noon KF, Baron L. Development of a DNA probe to detectSalmonella typhi.J Clin Microbiol 1985;22: 600–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chakraborty T, Montenegro MA, Sanyal SC, Helmuth R Bulling E, Timmis KN. Cloning of enterotoxin gene fromAeromonas hydrophila provides conclusive evidence of production of a cytotoxic enterotoxin.Infect Immun 1984;46: 435–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Portney DA, Blank HF, Kingsbury DT, Falkow S. Genetic analysis of essential plasmid determinants of pathogenicity ofYersinia pestis.J Infect Dis 1983;148: 297–302

    Google Scholar 

  18. Maniatis T, Jeffrey A, Kleid DG. Nucleotide sequence of the rightward operator of the phage lambda.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1975;72: 1184–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Grunstein M, Hogness D. Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene.Proc Natl Med Sci USA 1975;72: 3961–5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Maas R. An improved colony hybridization method with significantly increased sensitivity for detection of single genes.Plasmid 1983;10: 296–8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Meinkoth J, Wahl G. Hybridization of nucleic acids immubilized on solid supports.Ann Biochem 1984;138: 267–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Black RE, Merson MH, Rahman ASMM et al. A two-year study of bacterial, viral and parasitic agents associated with diarrhea in rural Bangladesh.J Infect Dis 1980;142: 660–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Leksomboon U, Echeverria P, Suvongse C, Duangmani C. Viruses and bacteria in pediatric diarrhea in Thailand: a study of multiple resistant enteric pathogens.Am J Trop Med 1981;30: 1281–5

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Echeverria P, Blacklow NR, Sanford LB et al. Travellers' diarrhea among American Peace Corps volunteers in rural Thailand.J Infect Dis 1983;143: 767–71

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sack RB. Human diarrheal disease caused by enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli.Ann Rev Microbiol 1975;29: 333–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Holmgren J, Lonnroth I. Structure and function of enterotoxin and their receptors in Ouchterlong C, Holmgren J eds.Cholera and related diarrhea, Krager Basel 1980 p. 88–103

    Google Scholar 

  27. Clements JD, Finkelstein RA. Isolation and characterization of homogenous heat-labile enterotoxins with high specific activity fromEscherichia coli cultures.Infect Immun 1979;24: 760–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kunkel SL, Robertson DC. Purification and chemical characterization of the heat-labile enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli.Infect Immun 1979;25: 586–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Honda T, Tsuji T, Takeda Y, Miwatani T. Immunological non-identity of heat-labile enterotoxin from human and porcine enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli.Infect Immun 1981;34: 337–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dallas WS, Gill DM, Falkow S. Cistrons encodingEscherichia coli heat-labile toxin.J Bacteriol 1979;139: 850–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kaper JB, Levine MM. Cloned cholera enterotoxin genes in study and prevention of cholera.Lancet 1981;ii: 1162–3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Alderete JF, Robertson DC. Purification and chemical characterization of the heat-stable enterotoxin produced by porcine strains ofEscherichia coli.Infect Immun 1978;19: 1021–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chan SK, Gianella RA. Amino acid sequence of heat-stable enterotoxin produced byEscherichia coli pathogenic for man.J Biol Chem 1981;256: 7744–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kapitany RA, Forsythe GW, Scott A, Mc-Kenzie SF, Worthington RW. Isolation and partial characterization of two different heat-stable enterotoxins produced by bovine and porcine strains of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli.Infect Immun 1979;26: 173–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lallier R, Larivierre S, St. Piere S.Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin: rapid method of purification and some characteristics of the toxin.Infect Immun 1980;78: 469–74

    Google Scholar 

  36. Takeda Y, Takeda T, Yano T, Yamamoto K, Miwatani T. Purification and partial characterization of heat-stable enterotoxin of entero-toxigenicEscherichia coli.Infect Immun 1979;25: 978–85

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Moseley SL, Hardy JN, Huq MI et al. Isolation and nucleotide sequence determination of a gene encoding a heat-stable enterotoxin ofEscherichia coli.Infect Immun 1983;39 1167–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Burgess NM, Bywater RJ, Cowley CM, et al. Biological evaluation of a methanol-soluable heat-stableEscherichia coli enterotoxin in infant mice, pigs, rabbits and calves.Infect Immun 1978;21: 526–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Echeverria P, Seriwatana J, Taylor DN, Tirapat C, Chaicumpa W, Rowe B. Identification by DNA hybridization of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli in longitudinal study of villages in Thailand.J Infect Dis 1985;151: 124–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Echeverria P, Seriwatana J, Taylor DN et al. Plasmids coding for colonization factor antigens I and II, LT and STA-2 inEscherichia coli.Infect Immun 1986;51: 626–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Echeverria P, Taylor DN, Seriwatana J et al. A comparative study of enterotoxin gene probes and tests for toxin production to detect ETEC.J Infect Dis 1986;153: 255–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hanchalay S, Seriwatana S, Echeverria P et al. Non-01Vibrio cholerae in Thailand: homology with cloned cholera toxin genes.J Clin Microbiol 1985;21: 288–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Echeverria P, Seriwatana J, Taylor DN, Yanggratoke S, Chalard T. A comparative study of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli, Shigella, Aeromonas and vibrios as etiologies of diarrhea in northeastern Thailand.Am J Trop Med 1985;34: 547–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Suthienkul O, Seriwatana J, Echeverria P. Absence of nucleotide sequences homology between genes forVibrio cholerae toxin andVibrio fluvialis.J Infect Dis 1983;148: 1166–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Nishibuchi M, Ishibushi M, Takeda Y, Kaper JB. Detection of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene and related DNA sequences inVibrio parahaemolyticus and other vibrio species by DNA colony hybridization test.Infect Immun 1985;49: 481–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Sansonetti PJ, d'Hauteville H, Formal S et al. Plasmid-mediated invasiveness of “Shigella-like”Escherichia coli.Ann Microbiol 1982;133A: 351–5

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Tompkins LS, Mickelsen P, McClose J. Use of a DNA probe to detectCampylobacter jejuni in fecal specimens inCampylobacter.Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Campylobacter infections, Brussels, Belgium, September 8–9, 1983

  48. Steele TW, McDermott SN. Technical note: the use of membrane filters applied directly to the surface of agar plates for the isolation ofCampylobacter jejuni from feces.Pathology 1984;16: 263–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Park CH, Hixon DL, Polhemus AS et al. A rapid diagnosis ofCampylobacter enteritis by direct smear examination.Am J Clin Pathol 1983;80: 388–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Mathewson JJ, Johnson PC, DuPont HL et al. A newly recognized cause of travellers' diarrhea enteroadherentEscherichia coli.J Infect Dis 1985;151: 471–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Leary JJ, Brigate DJ, Ward DC. Rapid and sensitive colorimetric method for visualizing biotin-labeled DNA probes hybridized to DNA or RNA immobilized on nitrocellulose: Bio-blots.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;8: 4045–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Renz M, Kurz C. A colorimetric method for DNA hybridization.Nucleic Acids Res 1984;12: 3935–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Heller MJ, Morrison LE.Chemiluminescent and fluorescent probes for DNA hybridization system in rapid detection and identification of infectious agents, 1985, eds. San Diego, DT Kingsbury, S Falkow Academic Press, p 245–56

    Google Scholar 

  54. Huang CM, Huang HJS.Monoclonal antibody specific for double-stranded DNA: a non-radioactive probe method for detection of DNA hybridization in rapid detection and identification of infectious agents, 1985, eds. San Diego, DT Kingsbury, S Falkow Academic Press, p 257–70

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Echeverria, P., Taylor, D.N., Seriwatana, J. et al. Use of nucleic acid probes in the diagnosis of diarrheal disorders. Indian J Pediatr 54, 15–25 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02751228

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02751228

Key words

Navigation