Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Efrapeptin production byTolypocladium fungi (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes): Intra- and interspecific variation

  • Published:
Journal of Chemical Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Production of the mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory peptides efrapeptins was evaluated by HPLC analysis in 44 strains of nine species of the fungal genusTolypocladium (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes). Efrapeptin identification was confirmed by mass spectral data for the first time in the speciesT. cylindrosporum. HPLC retention time data indicated thatT. nubicola andT. tundrense, two species not previously known to produce efrapeptins, also produce the peptides. No efrapeptins were detected (<0.3 mg/100 ml broth) in single strains each ofT. balanoides, T. extinguens, T. parasiticum, andT. microsporum. Five strains ofT. geodes produced detectable amounts of efrapeptins and had compound F, or F and G, as the major component(s) in the mixture with the order of abundance being F> or ∼G > H ∼ D ∼ E > C. Eleven strains ofT. niveum produced detectable amounts of efrapeptins and had efrapeptins D and E as the primary and secondary components, respectively, in the mixture with the order of abundance being D > E > F > C ∼ G. A singleT. niveum strain had an efrapeptin profile similar to that of theT. geodes strains. Ten strains ofT. cylindrosporum had detectable amounts of efrapeptins. Of these, nine had F and one had G as the major component.T. cylindrosporum had higher ratios of E to D than didT. geodes. Efrapeptins were detected in one of twoT. nubicola strains analyzed (F > G > H) and one of threeT. tundrense strains (F > G > H > E).T. niveum strains could, in most cases, be identified to species on the basis of their efrapeptin profiles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderberg, M.R. 1973. Cluster Analysis for Applications. Academic Press. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barron, G.L. 1980. Fungal parasites of rotifers: A newTolypocladium with underwater conidiation.Can. J. Bot. 58:439–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barron, G.L. 1981. Two new fungal parasites of bdelloid rotifers.Can. J. Bot. 58:1449–1455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bissett, J. 1983. Notes onTolypocladium and related genera.Can. J. Bot. 61:1311–1329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowsett, J.A., Reid, J., andHopkin, A. 1982. OnCephalosporium balanoides Drechsler.Mycologia 74:687–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gams, W. 1971a. Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Hyphomycetes). Gustav Fischer. Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gams, W. 1971b.Tolypocladium, eine Hyphomycetengattung mit geschwollen Phialiden.Persoonia 6:185–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gams, W. 1988. A contribution to the knowledge of nematophagous species ofVerticillium. Neth.J. Plant Pathol. 94:123–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J.M., andPillai, J.S. 1986.Tolypocladium cylindrosporum (Deuteromycotina: Moniliales), a fungal pathogen of the mosquitoAedes australis I. Influence of temperature, pH and salinity on the growth and sporulation of the fungus in the laboratory.Mycopathologia 96:87–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goettel, M.S. 1987. Preliminary field trials with the entomopathogenic hyphomycete fungusTolypocladium cylindrosporum.J. Am. Mosq. Control. Assoc. 3:239–245.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goettel, M.S. 1988. Pathogenesis of the hyphomyceteTolypocladium cylindrosporum in the mosquitoAedes aegypti.J. Invert. Pathol. 51:259–274.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S., Krasnoff, S.B., Roberts, D.W., Renwick, J.A.A., Brinen, L., andClardy, J. 1991. Structures of the efrapeptins-Potent inhibitors of mitochondrial ATPase from the fungusTolypocladium niveum.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113:707–709.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, S., Krasnoff, S.B., Roberts, D.W., Renwick, J.A.A., Brinen, L., andClardy, J. 1992. Structure of efrapeptins from the fungusTolypocladium niveum: Peptide inhibitors of mitochondrial ATPase.J. Org. Chem. 57:2306–2313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, C.W., andHeale, J.B. 1987. Parasexual crosses by hyphal anastomosis and protoplast fusion in the entomopathogenVerticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Viégas.J. Gen. Microbiol. 133:3537–3547.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krasnoff, S.B., andGupta, S. 1991. Identification and directed biosynthesis of efrapeptins in the fungusTolypocladium geodes Gams (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes).J. Chem. Ecol. 17:1953–1962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krasnoff, S.B., Gupta, S., St. Leger, R.J., Renwick, J.A.A., andRoberts, D.W. 1991. Antifungal and insecticidal properties of the efrapeptins: Metabolites of the fungusTolypocladium niveum.J. Invert. Pathol. 58:180–188.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matha, V., Weiser, J., andRepova, A. 1988a. Entomocidal activity of metabolites from strains of fungi of the genusTolypocladium (Deuteromycetes).Microbios Lett. 38:71–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matha, V., Weiser, J., andOlejnicek, J. 1988b. The effect of tolypin inTolypocladium niveum crude extract against mosquito and blackfly larvae in the laboratory.Folia Parasitol. 35:379–381.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Messias, C.L., andAzevedo, J.L. 1980. Parasexuality in the deuteromyceteMetarhizium anisopliae.Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 75:473–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J.D., Greenhalgh, R., Wang, Y., andLu, M. 1991. Trichothecene chemotypes of threeFusarium species.Mycologia 83:121–130.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rakotonirainy, M.S., Dutertre, M., Brygoo, Y., andRiba, G. 1991. rRNA sequence comparison ofBeauveria bassiana, Tolypocladium cylindrosporum, andTolypocladium extinguens.J. Invert. Pathol. 57:17–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ravallec, M., Vey, A., andRiba, G. 1989. Infection ofAedes albopictus byTolypocladium cylindrosporum.J. Invert. Pathol. 53:7–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samson, R.A., andSoares, G.G., {jrJr.} 1984. Entomopathogenic species of the hyphomycete genusTolypocladium.J. Invert. Pathol. 43:133–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soares, G.G. 1982. Pathogenesis of infection by the hyphomycetous fungusTolypocladium cylindrosporum Gams inAedes sierrensis Ludlow andCulex tarsalis Coquillet (Diptera: Culicidae).Entomophaga 27:283–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soares, G.G., {jrJr.},Riba, G., Caudal, A., andVincent, J.J. 1985. Comparative studies of eleven isolates of the fungal entomopathogenTolypocladium cylindrosporum and two isolates ofTolypocladium extinguens.J. Invert. Pathol. 46:115–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Von Arx, J.A. 1986.Tolypocladium, a synonym ofBeauveria.Mycotaxon 25:153–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiser, J. 1987. Mosquito-killing activity of strains ofTolypocladium cylindrosporum andT. niveum.Ceska Mykol. 41:2189–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiser, J. 1991. Acute toxicity of conidia ofTolypocladium fungi to larvae ofCulex sitiens.Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. 88:367–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiser, J., andMatha, V. 1988. The insecticidal activity of cyclosporines on mosquito larvae.J. Invert. Pathol. 51:92–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiser, J., Matha, V., andJegorov, A. 1989.Tolypocladium terricola sp. nov., a new entomopathogenic species of the genusTolypocladium Gams (Hyphomycetes), pp. 227–237,in A. Jegorov and V. Matha (eds.). Proceedings of the International Conference Biopesticides, Theory and Practice. Ceske Budejovice, Czechoslovakia. September 25–28.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tower Road, 14853, Ithaca, New York

    Stuart B. Krasnoff & Sandeep Gupta

  2. Boyce Thompson Institute, Tower Rd., 14853, Ithaca, New York

    Sandeep Gupta

Authors
  1. Stuart B. Krasnoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sandeep Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Mention of a commercial or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Krasnoff, S.B., Gupta, S. Efrapeptin production byTolypocladium fungi (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes): Intra- and interspecific variation. J Chem Ecol 18, 1727–1741 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02751098

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02751098

Key words

Search

Navigation